{"id":542,"date":"2024-04-07T13:52:08","date_gmt":"2024-04-07T05:52:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/?p=542"},"modified":"2024-06-03T09:32:31","modified_gmt":"2024-06-03T01:32:31","slug":"the-working-principle-and-structure-analysis-of-centrifugal-pump","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/the-working-principle-and-structure-analysis-of-centrifugal-pump\/","title":{"rendered":"Princ\u00edp \u010dinnosti a anal\u00fdza \u0161trukt\u00fary odstrediv\u00e9ho \u010derpadla"},"content":{"rendered":"

Princ\u00edp \u010dinnosti odstrediv\u00e9ho \u010derpadla je:<\/span><\/p>\n

Odstrediv\u00e9 \u010derpadlo m\u00f4\u017ee posiela\u0165 vodu von v\u010faka odstredivej sile.<\/span> Pred pr\u00e1cou \u010derpadla sa teleso \u010derpadla a pr\u00edvodn\u00e9 potrubie vody musia naplni\u0165 vodou, aby sa vytvoril v\u00e1kuov\u00fd stav, ke\u010f sa obe\u017en\u00e9 koleso r\u00fdchlo ot\u00e1\u010da, lopatka podporuje r\u00fdchlu rot\u00e1ciu vody, rotuj\u00faca voda odlieta od obe\u017en\u00e9ho kolesa p\u00f4soben\u00edm odstredivej sily, po vyvrhnut\u00ed vody v \u010derpadle sa v strednej \u010dasti obe\u017en\u00e9ho kolesa vytvor\u00ed v\u00e1kuov\u00e1 oblas\u0165.<\/span> Voda zo zdroja sa tla\u010d\u00ed do pr\u00edvodn\u00e9ho potrubia cez potrubn\u00fa sie\u0165 pod vplyvom atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho tlaku (alebo tlaku vody).<\/span> T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom mo\u017eno dosiahnu\u0165 nepretr\u017eit\u00e9 \u010derpanie.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00fdmi komponentmi odstrediv\u00e9ho \u010derpadla s\u00fa obe\u017en\u00e9 koleso, teleso \u010derpadla, hriade\u013eov\u00e9 tesnenie, tesniaci kr\u00fa\u017eok, tesniaci box:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Obe\u017en\u00e9 koleso: <\/span><\/p>\n

Obe\u017en\u00e9 koleso je hlavnou \u010das\u0165ou odstrediv\u00e9ho \u010derpadla, m\u00e1 vysok\u00e9 ot\u00e1\u010dky a ve\u013ek\u00fa v\u00fdstupn\u00fa silu a hlavn\u00fa \u00falohu zohr\u00e1va lopatka na obe\u017enom kolese. Obe\u017en\u00e9 koleso by malo pred mont\u00e1\u017eou prejs\u0165 experimentom statick\u00e9ho vyv\u00e1\u017eenia.<\/span> Vn\u00fatorn\u00fd a vonkaj\u0161\u00ed povrch obe\u017en\u00e9ho kolesa by mal by\u0165 hladk\u00fd, aby sa zn\u00ed\u017eili straty tren\u00edm pri pr\u00faden\u00ed vody.<\/span> Obe\u017en\u00e9 koleso m\u00e1 spravidla 6 a\u017e 12 dozadu zahnut\u00fdch lopatiek.<\/span> Obe\u017en\u00e9 koleso m\u00e1 tri typy: otvoren\u00e9, polouzavret\u00e9 a uzavret\u00e9.<\/span> Otvoren\u00e9 obe\u017en\u00e9 koleso nem\u00e1 na oboch stran\u00e1ch lopatky kryciu dosku, \u010do je jednoduch\u00e9 na v\u00fdrobu a \u013eahko sa \u010dist\u00ed. Je vhodn\u00e9 na dopravu materi\u00e1lov obsahuj\u00facich ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo suspendovan\u00fdch l\u00e1tok, s n\u00edzkou \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165ou a n\u00edzkym tlakom kvapaliny.<\/span> Polouzavret\u00e9 obe\u017en\u00e9 koleso nem\u00e1 kryt na strane sania a kryt na druhej strane, \u010do je vhodn\u00e9 na dopravu materi\u00e1lov, ktor\u00e9 sa \u013eahko zr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa alebo obsahuj\u00fa \u010dastice, a \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 je tie\u017e n\u00edzka;<\/span> Uzavret\u00e9 obe\u017en\u00e9 koleso m\u00e1 predn\u00e9 a zadn\u00e9 krycie dosky na oboch stran\u00e1ch lopatiek, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa vysok\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 a s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 na dopravu \u010distej kvapaliny bez ne\u010dist\u00f4t.<\/span> Obe\u017en\u00e9 koleso odstrediv\u00e9ho \u010derpadla je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou tohto druhu. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Teleso \u010derpadla: <\/span><\/p>\n

Teleso \u010derpadla sa naz\u00fdva aj pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 \u010derpadla, ktor\u00fd je hlavn\u00fdm telesom \u010derpadla.<\/span> Pln\u00ed \u00falohu podpery a upevnenia a je spojen\u00e1 s konzolou na mont\u00e1\u017e lo\u017e\u00edsk.<\/span> \u00dalohou je uzavrie\u0165 obe\u017en\u00e9 koleso v ur\u010ditom priestore, aby sa kvapalina vdychovala a vytl\u00e1\u010dala p\u00f4soben\u00edm obe\u017en\u00e9ho kolesa.<\/span> Pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 \u010derpadla m\u00e1 vol\u00fatov\u00fd tvar, preto sa naz\u00fdva aj vol\u00fatov\u00fd.<\/span> S postupn\u00fdm zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ovan\u00edm prierezu prietokov\u00e9ho kan\u00e1la sa r\u00fdchlos\u0165 pr\u00fadenia kvapaliny vymr\u0161tenej vysokou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou z obe\u017en\u00e9ho kolesa postupne zni\u017euje, tak\u017ee \u010das\u0165 kinetickej energie sa \u00fa\u010dinne premie\u0148a na statick\u00fa tlakov\u00fa energiu.<\/span> Skri\u0148a \u010derpadla nielen zachyt\u00e1va kvapalinu vyvrhovan\u00fa obe\u017en\u00fdm kolesom, ale sl\u00fa\u017ei aj ako zariadenie na premenu energie. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3. Zariadenie na utesnenie hriade\u013ea: <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dalohou je zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 \u00faniku kvapaliny v pl\u00e1\u0161ti \u010derpadla pozd\u013a\u017e osi alebo \u00faniku vonkaj\u0161ieho vzduchu do pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a \u010derpadla.<\/span> Medzi be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 zariadenia na utesnenie hriade\u013ea patria tesniace tesnenia a mechanick\u00e9 tesnenia.<\/span> Obal je zvy\u010dajne azbestov\u00e9 lano impregnovan\u00e9 olejom alebo potiahnut\u00e9 grafitom.<\/span> Mechanick\u00e9 tesnenie sa spolieha najm\u00e4 na relat\u00edvny pohyb \u010delnej plochy medzi dynamick\u00fdm kr\u00fa\u017ekom nain\u0161talovan\u00fdm na hriadeli a statick\u00fdm kr\u00fa\u017ekom upevnen\u00fdm na telese \u010derpadla, aby sa dosiahol \u00fa\u010del tesnenia. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4, tesniaci kr\u00fa\u017eok: <\/span><\/p>\n

Tesniaci kr\u00fa\u017eok sa naz\u00fdva aj kr\u00fa\u017eok na zn\u00ed\u017eenie netesnost\u00ed.<\/span> V\u00f4\u013ea medzi vstupom obe\u017en\u00e9ho kolesa a telesom \u010derpadla je pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ek\u00e1, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje, \u017ee voda vo vysokotlakovej oblasti \u010derpadla pr\u00fadi cez t\u00fato medzeru do n\u00edzkotlakovej oblasti, \u010do ovplyv\u0148uje v\u00fdkon \u010derpadla a zni\u017euje \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165!<\/span> Pr\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00e1 v\u00f4\u013ea sp\u00f4sob\u00ed trenie medzi obe\u017en\u00fdm kolesom a telesom \u010derpadla a jeho opotrebovanie.<\/span> S cie\u013eom zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 odolnos\u0165 proti sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu toku a zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 vn\u00fatorn\u00fa netesnos\u0165, pred\u013a\u017ei\u0165 \u017eivotnos\u0165 obe\u017en\u00e9ho kolesa a pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a \u010derpadla je tesniaci kr\u00fa\u017eok nain\u0161talovan\u00fd na vn\u00fatornom okraji pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a \u010derpadla a vonkaj\u0161ej pomoci obe\u017en\u00e9ho kolesa a tesniaca medzera sa udr\u017eiava v rozmedz\u00ed 0,25 a\u017e 1,10 mm. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

5, plniaci box: <\/span><\/p>\n

Utes\u0148ovacia skrinka sa sklad\u00e1 najm\u00e4 z tesnenia, vodotesn\u00e9ho kr\u00fa\u017eku, tesniaceho valca, tesniacej v\u00fdvodky a vodotesnej r\u00farky.<\/span> \u00dalohou upch\u00e1vkov\u00e9ho boxu je najm\u00e4 uzavrie\u0165 medzeru medzi pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165om \u010derpadla a hriade\u013eom \u010derpadla, aby voda v \u010derpadle nevytekala von a aby do \u010derpadla nevnikal vonkaj\u0161\u00ed vzduch.<\/span> V\u017edy udr\u017eiavajte v\u00e1kuum vo v\u00fdveve!<\/span> Ke\u010f hriade\u013e \u010derpadla a trenie tesnenia vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa teplo, je potrebn\u00e9 spolieha\u0165 sa na vodn\u00e9 tesniace potrubie, ktor\u00e9 vstrekuje vodu do vodn\u00e9ho tesniaceho kr\u00fa\u017eku, aby sa tesnenie ochladilo!<\/span> Udr\u017eujte \u010derpadlo v spr\u00e1vnom chode.<\/span> Preto je potrebn\u00e9 venova\u0165 osobitn\u00fa pozornos\u0165 kontrole plniacej skrine po\u010das prev\u00e1dzky \u010derpadla.<\/span> N\u00e1pl\u0148 by sa mala vymeni\u0165 pribli\u017ene po 600 hodin\u00e1ch prev\u00e1dzky. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

6, zariadenie na vyva\u017eovanie axi\u00e1lnej sily v procese prev\u00e1dzky odstrediv\u00e9ho \u010derpadla, preto\u017ee kvapalina je pod n\u00edzkym tlakom do obe\u017en\u00e9ho kolesa a pod vysok\u00fdm tlakom von, tak\u017ee tlak na oboch stran\u00e1ch obe\u017en\u00e9ho kolesa je nerovnak\u00fd, \u010do vedie k axi\u00e1lnemu \u0165ahu smeruj\u00facemu do smeru vstupu, sp\u00f4sob\u00ed axi\u00e1lny pohyb rotora, opotrebovanie a vibr\u00e1cie, tak\u017ee axi\u00e1lne \u0165ahov\u00e9 lo\u017eisko by sa malo nastavi\u0165 tak, aby sa vyv\u00e1\u017eila axi\u00e1lna sila.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The working principle of the centrifugal pump is: The centrifugal pump can send water out because of the role of centrifugal force. Before the pump works, the pump body and the water inlet pipe must be filled with water to form a vacuum state, when the impeller rotates rapidly, the blade promotes the rapid rotation […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":526,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[36],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/542"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=542"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/542\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/526"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=542"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=542"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=542"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}