Riadenie stability \u010derpadiel v spracovate\u013eskom priemysle mo\u017eno rozdeli\u0165 do troch et\u00e1p:<\/p>\n
1) V\u00fdber \u010derpadla a ur\u010denie stability pred in\u0161tal\u00e1ciou;<\/p>\n
2) Pr\u00edprava na spustenie;<\/p>\n
3) Zabezpe\u010denie stability po spusten\u00ed. Aby odstrediv\u00e9 \u010derpadl\u00e1 fungovali efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie a stabilnej\u0161ie, musia odv\u00e1dza\u0165 dobr\u00fa pr\u00e1cu v nasleduj\u00facich 10 aspektoch.<\/p>\n
1. V\u00fdber \u010derpadla<\/strong><\/p>\n Pokia\u013e sa odstrediv\u00e9 \u010derpadlo prev\u00e1dzkuje v podmienkach bl\u00edzkych kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00fdm podmienkam, mo\u017eno vo v\u0161eobecnosti dosiahnu\u0165 dobr\u00fd v\u00fdkon a intervaly \u00fadr\u017eby. Treba v\u0161ak poznamena\u0165, \u017ee \"kon\u0161trukcia\" sa vz\u0165ahuje nielen na tlak, prietok, teplotu a in\u00e9 parametre procesu, ale aj na tlak a pohyb pr\u00edrub, tlak a pohyb spojok, mazanie lo\u017e\u00edsk a podobn\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9 faktory. \u010cerpadl\u00e1 so starou kon\u0161trukciou m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 prev\u00e1dzkovan\u00e9 len kr\u00e1tky \u010das v nenavrhnut\u00fdch podmienkach a potom sa zn\u00ed\u017ei \u00farove\u0148 v\u00fdkonu \u010derpadla. Preto by sa mali vybera\u0165 \u010derpadl\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 pracuj\u00fa v bl\u00edzkosti bodu maxim\u00e1lnej \u00fa\u010dinnosti (BEP).<\/p>\n Odstrediv\u00e9 \u010derpadl\u00e1 s vysok\u00fdmi \u0161pecifick\u00fdmi r\u00fdchlos\u0165ami sania m\u00f4\u017eu zvy\u010dajne dosiahnu\u0165 dobr\u00e9 prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9 podmienky len v \u00fazkom rozsahu. Pri \u010derpadl\u00e1ch s vysokou v\u00fdtla\u010dnou v\u00fd\u0161kou, ktor\u00e9 sa sna\u017eia pou\u017ei\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9 vstupy obe\u017en\u00e9ho kolesa na zn\u00ed\u017eenie NPSHR, doch\u00e1dza k sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu toku.<\/p>\n \u010cerpadl\u00e1 s n\u00edzkou NPSHR maj\u00fa \u0161pecifick\u00e9 sacie ot\u00e1\u010dky okolo 12 000. Ak sa norm\u00e1lny prietok odchy\u013euje od prietoku BEP, doch\u00e1dza k vn\u00fatorn\u00e9mu sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu toku, \u010d\u00edm sa \u010derpadlo st\u00e1va menej stabiln\u00fdm. Turbulencie m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 er\u00f3ziu obe\u017en\u00e9ho kolesa a p\u00f4sobenie mechanick\u00e9ho tesnenia, za\u0165a\u017eenie lo\u017e\u00edsk a vych\u00fdlenie hriade\u013ea. O\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fa \u017eivotnos\u0165 komponentov odstrediv\u00e9ho \u010derpadla ovplyv\u0148uje mnoho faktorov vr\u00e1tane \u0161pecifickej r\u00fdchlosti nas\u00e1vania \u010derpadla, percentu\u00e1lneho prietoku (Qactual\/QBEP), rezervy NPSH (NPSHA-NPSHR), n\u00e1rastu v\u00fd\u0161ky v ka\u017edom stupni a kon\u0161trukcie skrine \u010derpadla. Dopyt pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov po \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch, lacn\u00fdch \u010derpadl\u00e1ch s n\u00edzkym NPSHR sp\u00f4sobil, \u017ee \u0161pecifick\u00e9 ot\u00e1\u010dky nas\u00e1vania prekro\u010dili 12 000, pri\u010dom v tomto bode sa skuto\u010dn\u00fd prietok menej odchy\u013euje od prietoku BEP. Ide\u00e1lna \u0161pecifick\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 nas\u00e1vania \u010derpadla by mala by\u0165 pribli\u017ene 8 500.<\/p>\n 2. V\u00fdber tesnenia<\/strong><\/p>\n Baliace tesnenia ust\u00fapili z historick\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1dia, vo ve\u013ekej miere sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa mechanick\u00e9 tesnenia a such\u00e9 plynov\u00e9 tesnenia a be\u017ene sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa mechanick\u00e9 tesnenia. Mechanick\u00e9 tesnenia s\u00fa ve\u013emi vyspel\u00e9 z h\u013eadiska v\u00fdrobkov a technol\u00f3gie. Materi\u00e1l \u010delnej strany tesnenia mus\u00ed by\u0165 schopn\u00fd r\u00fdchlo odovzda\u0165 vzniknut\u00e9 teplo, aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo odparovaniu kvapaliny. Karbid krem\u00edka je prvou vo\u013ebou pre materi\u00e1ly tesniacich \u010deln\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch v\u010faka svojej vysokej tepelnej vodivosti a vysokej tvrdosti. Pri v\u00fdbere \u010derpadla je potrebn\u00e9 starostlivo zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 rie\u0161enie preplachovania tesnenia.<\/p>\n 3. Tlak v potrub\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n Ke\u010f je potrubie priskrutkovan\u00e9 s pr\u00edrubou telesa \u010derpadla, vonkaj\u0161\u00ed tlak sp\u00f4soben\u00fd hmotnos\u0165ou potrubia, tepelnou roz\u0165a\u017enos\u0165ou a hmotnos\u0165ou procesnej kvapaliny bude vyv\u00edja\u0165 tlak na \u010derpadlo. Tieto tlaky sp\u00f4sobia deform\u00e1ciu pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a \u010derpadla, vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 posuny, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobia trenie medzi pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165om \u010derpadla, obe\u017en\u00fdm kolesom a hriade\u013eom, a dokonca aj zastavenie hriade\u013ea. Bud\u00fa vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 kr\u00fatiaci moment okolo \u010derpadla, sp\u00f4sobova\u0165 odch\u00fdlky medzi \u010derpadlom a hnac\u00edm hriade\u013eom, \u010do sp\u00f4sob\u00ed pred\u010dasn\u00e9 zlyhanie spojky, lo\u017eiska alebo mechanick\u00e9ho tesnenia. Preto sa musia stanovi\u0165 limity pre tlak a kr\u00fatiaci moment t\u00fdchto potrub\u00ed. Pre kon\u0161trukt\u00e9rov potrub\u00ed s\u00fa t\u00fdmito limitmi maxim\u00e1lne hodnoty tlaku, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017ee potrubie vyv\u00edja\u0165 na \u010derpadlo.<\/p>\n 4. Skladovanie<\/strong><\/p>\n Po spr\u00e1vnom n\u00e1vrhu a objednan\u00ed \u010derpadla pred\u00e1vaj\u00faci za\u0161le \u010derpadlo kupuj\u00facemu a po\u010dk\u00e1 na jeho in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu. V\u0161etky \u010derpadl\u00e1 s\u00fa zabalen\u00e9 do nepremokav\u00fdch plachiet, pri\u010dom sa uistite, \u017ee plachty \u00faplne zakr\u00fdvaj\u00fa horn\u00fd a doln\u00fd koniec \u010derpadla, aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo za\u0161pineniu lo\u017e\u00edsk a spojok prachom. \u010cerpadlo by malo by\u0165 umiestnen\u00e9 na mieste odolnom vo\u010di da\u017e\u010fu a prachu, aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo hromadeniu prachu a vlhkosti.<\/p>\n 5. Umiestnenie \u010derpadla<\/strong><\/p>\n Spr\u00e1vne umiestnenie \u010derpadla je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre miesto prev\u00e1dzky a miesto \u00fadr\u017eby. Aby sa zabezpe\u010dili dobr\u00e9 podmienky prietoku, \u010derpadlo by malo by\u0165 \u010do najbli\u017e\u0161ie ku koncu pr\u00edvodu kvapaliny. Ak je dostatok miesta, vstup \u010derpadla by mal by\u0165 ni\u017e\u0161ie ako hladina pr\u00edvodnej kvapaliny. Okolo \u010derpadla ponechajte dostato\u010dn\u00fd priestor na kontrolu a \u00fadr\u017ebu. V hornej \u010dasti \u010derpadla ponechajte dostatok priestoru na zdvihnutie naj\u0165a\u017e\u0161\u00edch \u010dast\u00ed \u010derpadla pomocou vysokozdvi\u017en\u00e9ho \u017eeriavu a re\u0165azov\u00e9ho zdvih\u00e1ka. \u010cerpadlo nain\u0161talujte na \u010distom a suchom mieste a sna\u017ete sa vyhn\u00fa\u0165 \u0161pinav\u00fdm, pra\u0161n\u00fdm alebo vlhk\u00fdm priestorom.<\/p>\n 6. Nad\u00e1cia<\/strong><\/p>\n Z\u00e1klad \u010derpadla mus\u00ed by\u0165 starostlivo navrhnut\u00fd tak, aby za\u0165a\u017eenie \u010derpadla a jeho pohonu neprekro\u010dilo \u00fanosnos\u0165 p\u00f4dy. Takmer v\u0161etky \u010derpadl\u00e1 sa in\u0161taluj\u00fa na bet\u00f3nov\u00e9 z\u00e1klady, preto\u017ee tento materi\u00e1l je lacn\u00fd a ve\u013emi pevn\u00fd.<\/p>\n 7. In\u0161tal\u00e1cia \u010derpadla<\/strong><\/p>\n Jedn\u00fdm z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch faktorov \u00faspe\u0161nej prev\u00e1dzky a \u00fadr\u017eby \u010derpadiel v\u0161etk\u00fdch tried a typov je spr\u00e1vna in\u0161tal\u00e1cia. Spr\u00e1vne nain\u0161talovan\u00e9 \u010derpadlo m\u00f4\u017ee zosta\u0165 dlho v kalibrovanej polohe, s men\u0161\u00edm \u00fanikom a vibr\u00e1ciami zo skrine a pr\u00edrub \u010derpadla.<\/p>\n 8. Pripojenia potrubia<\/strong><\/p>\n Za\u0165a\u017eenia a nam\u00e1hania sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 potrubn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom m\u00f4\u017eu v\u00fdrazne ovplyvni\u0165 stabilitu zariadenia. Za\u0165a\u017eenia sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 roz\u0165a\u017enos\u0165ou potrubia alebo z in\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 vych\u00fdlenie hriade\u013ea, deform\u00e1ciu pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a \u010derpadla a vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9 ru\u0161enie vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch rotuj\u00facich \u010dast\u00ed. Preto plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm men\u0161ie za\u0165a\u017eenie potrubn\u00fd syst\u00e9m na zariadenie vyv\u00edja, t\u00fdm lep\u0161ie.<\/p>\n 9. \u010cistenie potrubia<\/strong><\/p>\n Medzi rotuj\u00facimi \u010das\u0165ami \u010derpadla s\u00fa medzery a je potrebn\u00e9 zabr\u00e1ni\u0165, aby ich abraz\u00edvne \u010dastice v novom potrubnom syst\u00e9me po\u0161kodili. Abraz\u00edvne \u010dastice usaden\u00e9 v rotuj\u00facej medzere \u010derpadla sp\u00f4sobia odstavenie \u010derpadla a n\u00e1klady na \u00fadr\u017ebu s\u00fa ve\u013emi vysok\u00e9. Na zn\u00ed\u017eenie mo\u017enosti vniknutia abraz\u00edvnych \u010dast\u00edc do \u010derpadla sa spravidla in\u0161taluje filter.<\/p>\n 10. Kalibr\u00e1cia<\/strong><\/p>\n \u010cerpadlo uve\u010fte na prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fa teplotu tak, \u017ee do telesa \u010derpadla privediete kvapalinu. Pri kontrole kalibr\u00e1cie skontrolujte ot\u00e1\u010danie motora a \u010derpadla. \u010cerpadlo by sa malo ot\u00e1\u010da\u0165 v smere \u0161\u00edpky na puzdre \u010derpadla. Nespr\u00e1vne nastavenie m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165:<\/p>\n 1) Pre\u0165a\u017eenie lo\u017e\u00edsk \u010derpadla;<\/p>\n 2) Axi\u00e1lne ot\u00e1\u010danie mechanick\u00e9ho tesnenia tam a sp\u00e4\u0165. \u010c\u00edm viac sa tesnenie pohybuje, t\u00fdm \u013eah\u0161ie sa prekr\u00fdvaj\u00face sa plochy tesnenia otv\u00e1raj\u00fa;<\/p>\n 3) Ak je nes\u00faosos\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e1, stacion\u00e1rne a pohybliv\u00e9 \u010dasti sa dostan\u00fa do kontaktu;<\/p>\n 4) Kontaktn\u00fd kr\u00fa\u017eok opotrebenia;<\/p>\n 5) obe\u017en\u00e9 koleso a \u0161pir\u00e1la sa navz\u00e1jom dot\u00fdkaj\u00fa.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Pump stability management in the process industry can be divided into three stages: 1) Pump selection and stability determination before installation; 2) Preparation for startup; 3) Ensuring stability after startup. For centrifugal pumps to operate more effectively and stably, they need to do a good job in the following 10 aspects. 1. Pump Selection As […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1362,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[36],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1361"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1361"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1361\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1362"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1361"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1361"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1361"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}