![\".jpg\"](\"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/-e1731394811541-300x218.jpg\" "\\".jpg\\"")
<\/p>\nMedzi be\u017en\u00e9 koroz\u00edvne kvapaliny v chemickom priemysle patria kyselina s\u00edrov\u00e1, kyselina dusi\u010dn\u00e1, kyselina chlorovod\u00edkov\u00e1, kyselina hydrobr\u00f3mov\u00e1, kyselina j\u00f3dov\u00e1 at\u010f. Na prepravu r\u00f4znych kvapaln\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 \u010derpadl\u00e1 z r\u00f4znych materi\u00e1lov. Ak sa pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 \u010derpadlo nevyberie spr\u00e1vne, \u013eahko sp\u00f4sob\u00ed kor\u00f3ziu. Po skorodovan\u00ed sa chemick\u00e9 \u010derpadlo nem\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165. Tefl\u00f3nov\u00e9 \u010derpadl\u00e1 a ventily zhrnuli niektor\u00e9 be\u017en\u00e9 koroz\u00edvne kvapaliny zodpovedaj\u00face v\u00fdberu vodn\u00e9ho \u010derpadla, \u010do ver\u00edm, \u017ee bude pre ka\u017ed\u00e9ho u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 pri spr\u00e1vnom v\u00fdbere chemick\u00fdch \u010derpadiel odoln\u00fdch vo\u010di kyselin\u00e1m a z\u00e1sad\u00e1m.<\/p>\n
1. Anal\u00fdza prostredia kyseliny chlorovod\u00edkovej<\/p>\n
Poradie \u017eieravosti be\u017en\u00fdch kovov v kyseline chlorovod\u00edkovej: drasl\u00edk, sod\u00edk, v\u00e1pnik, hor\u010d\u00edk, hlin\u00edk, zinok, \u017eelezo, c\u00edn, olovo, (vod\u00edk), me\u010f, ortu\u0165, striebro, platina, zlato. \u010c\u00edm viac dopredu, t\u00fdm akt\u00edvnej\u0161ie. Ten, ktor\u00fd je pred vod\u00edkom, m\u00f4\u017ee reagova\u0165 s vod\u00edkom. Preto pri v\u00fdbere \u010derpadla na kyselinu chlorovod\u00edkov\u00fa nem\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 \u010derpadlo na b\u00e1ze kovu (\u017eeleza). Austenitick\u00e9 nehrdzavej\u00face ocele, ako s\u00fa 304 a 316L, bud\u00fa v prostred\u00ed obsahuj\u00facom chloridov\u00e9 i\u00f3ny tie\u017e sp\u00f4sobova\u0165 medzikry\u0161talick\u00fa kor\u00f3ziu. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa aj \u0161peci\u00e1lne kovov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, napr\u00edklad Hastelloy, ale ich cena je ve\u013emi vysok\u00e1. Preto by ste si pri v\u00fdbere \u010derpadla na kyselinu chlorovod\u00edkov\u00fa mali vybra\u0165 \u010derpadlo z fluoroplastov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu pre prietokov\u00e9 \u010dasti, ktor\u00e9 je ekonomick\u00e9 a bezpe\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n
\uff081\uff09 Ak sa v kyseline chlorovod\u00edkovej nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa tvrd\u00e9 \u010dastice (odpadov\u00e1 kyselina chlorovod\u00edkov\u00e1 pri moren\u00ed), je potrebn\u00e9 ju prefiltrova\u0165. Pri v\u00fdbere odstrediv\u00e9ho \u010derpadla zv\u00e1\u017ete, \u010di by sa malo pou\u017ei\u0165 mechanick\u00e9 tesnenie (SIC proti SIC). Ke\u010f sa odpadov\u00e1 kyselina chlorovod\u00edkov\u00e1 d\u00f4kladne neprefiltruje, m\u00f4\u017ee zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby mechanick\u00e9 tesnenie mohlo norm\u00e1lne fungova\u0165.<\/p>\n
\uff082\uff09Pre \u010dist\u00fa kyselinu chlorovod\u00edkov\u00fa bez \u010dast\u00edc mo\u017eno zvoli\u0165 odstrediv\u00e9 alebo magnetick\u00e9 \u010derpadlo.<\/p>\n
V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina nekovov\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov m\u00e1 dobr\u00fa odolnos\u0165 proti kor\u00f3zii kyselinou chlorovod\u00edkovou, preto s\u00fa na prepravu kyseliny chlorovod\u00edkovej najlep\u0161ou vo\u013ebou \u010derpadl\u00e1 s gumovou v\u00fdstelkou a plastov\u00e9 \u010derpadl\u00e1 (ako s\u00fa technick\u00e9 plasty, fluoroplasty at\u010f.). Medzi pou\u017eite\u013en\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky spolo\u010dnosti patria: IHF fluoroplastov\u00e9 odstrediv\u00e9 \u010derpadl\u00e1, CQB fluoroplastov\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 \u010derpadl\u00e1 bez \u00faniku at\u010f.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
2. Anal\u00fdza prostredia kyseliny dusi\u010dnej<\/p>\n
Vo v\u0161eobecnosti v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina kovov v kyseline dusi\u010dnej r\u00fdchlo koroduje a ni\u010d\u00ed sa. Nerezov\u00e1 oce\u013e je najpou\u017e\u00edvanej\u0161\u00edm materi\u00e1lom odoln\u00fdm vo\u010di kyseline dusi\u010dnej a m\u00e1 dobr\u00fa odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di kor\u00f3zii kyselinou dusi\u010dnou v\u0161etk\u00fdch koncentr\u00e1ci\u00ed pri izbovej teplote. Treba spomen\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee odolnos\u0165 nehrdzavej\u00facej ocele obsahuj\u00facej molybd\u00e9n (ako 316, 316L) vo\u010di kyseline dusi\u010dnej nielen\u017ee nie je lep\u0161ia ako odolnos\u0165 be\u017enej nehrdzavej\u00facej ocele (ako 304, 321), ale niekedy je dokonca hor\u0161ia. Pre vysokoteplotn\u00fa kyselinu dusi\u010dn\u00fa sa zvy\u010dajne pou\u017e\u00edva tit\u00e1n a materi\u00e1ly zo zliatiny tit\u00e1nu. Koncentrovan\u00e1 kyselina dusi\u010dn\u00e1 obsahuje pribli\u017ene 65% HNO3 s hustotou 1,4 g\/cm3. M\u00e1 siln\u00fd \u0161tip\u013eav\u00fd z\u00e1pach a \u017eieravos\u0165. Je to siln\u00fd oxidant a m\u00f4\u017ee reagova\u0165 s takmer v\u0161etk\u00fdmi kovmi, ale nie s fluoroplastmi. Preto je pou\u017eitie fluoroplastov v \u010derpadl\u00e1ch na dod\u00e1vanie kyseliny dusi\u010dnej ekonomick\u00e9 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 trvanliv\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Odpor\u00fa\u010dame nasleduj\u00face \u010derpadl\u00e1 na dod\u00e1vanie kyseliny dusi\u010dnej:<\/p>\n
\uff081\uff09Ak ide o koncentrovan\u00fa kyselinu dusi\u010dn\u00fa 98%, m\u00f4\u017eete si vybra\u0165 fluoroplastov\u00e9 odstrediv\u00e9 \u010derpadlo typu IHF. V\u0161etky prietokov\u00e9 \u010dasti tejto s\u00e9rie \u010derpadiel s\u00fa vyroben\u00e9 z fluoroplastov (polyperflu\u00f3retyl\u00e9npropyl\u00e9n) a mechanick\u00e9 tesnenie vyu\u017e\u00edva vonkaj\u0161ie vlnovcov\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9 tesnenie naplnen\u00e9 tetraflu\u00f3rov\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom, ktor\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinne zabra\u0148uje \u00faniku koncentrovanej kyseliny s\u00edrovej. Zvolen\u00fd v\u00fdkon motora je potrebn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165. \u0160pecifick\u00fd v\u00fdkon hriade\u013ea pri preprave koncentrovanej kyseliny dusi\u010dnej mo\u017eno vypo\u010d\u00edta\u0165 na z\u00e1klade menovit\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu hriade\u013ea \u010derpadla.<\/p>\n
\uff082\uff09Ak ide o zrieden\u00fa kyselinu dusi\u010dn\u00fa s n\u00edzkou koncentr\u00e1ciou, m\u00f4\u017eete si vybra\u0165 bez\u00fanikov\u00e9 fluoroplastov\u00e9 \u010derpadlo s magnetick\u00fdm pohonom (CQB). T\u00e1to s\u00e9ria \u010derpadiel vyu\u017e\u00edva magnetick\u00fd pohon a nem\u00e1 \u00fanik. Pou\u017e\u00edva sa \u0161peci\u00e1lne na dopravu vysoko koroz\u00edvnych m\u00e9di\u00ed, ako je kyselina dusi\u010dn\u00e1, kyselina s\u00edrov\u00e1 a kyselina chlorovod\u00edkov\u00e1.<\/p>\n
3. Kyselina s\u00edrov\u00e1 ako jedno zo siln\u00fdch koroz\u00edvnych m\u00e9di\u00ed je d\u00f4le\u017eitou priemyselnou surovinou so \u0161irok\u00fdm spektrom pou\u017eitia. Medzi typy \u010derpadiel na dopravu kyseliny s\u00edrovej patria fluoroplastov\u00e9 odstrediv\u00e9 \u010derpadl\u00e1, fluoroplastov\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 \u010derpadl\u00e1, fluoroplastov\u00e9 samonas\u00e1vacie \u010derpadl\u00e1 at\u010f. Kyselina s\u00edrov\u00e1 r\u00f4znych koncentr\u00e1ci\u00ed a tepl\u00f4t m\u00e1 ve\u013ek\u00fd rozdiel v kor\u00f3zii materi\u00e1lov. Pre koncentrovan\u00fa kyselinu s\u00edrov\u00fa s koncentr\u00e1ciou vy\u0161\u0161ou ako 80% a teplotou ni\u017e\u0161ou ako 80 \u00b0C maj\u00fa uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 oce\u013e a liatina dobr\u00fa odolnos\u0165 proti kor\u00f3zii, ale nie s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 pre vysokor\u00fdchlostne pr\u00fadiacu kyselinu s\u00edrov\u00fa a nie s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 na pou\u017eitie ako materi\u00e1ly \u010derpadiel a ventilov; be\u017en\u00e1 nehrdzavej\u00faca oce\u013e, ako napr\u00edklad 304 (0CR18NI9) a 316 (0CR18NI12MO2TI), m\u00e1 tie\u017e obmedzen\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pou\u017eitia pre m\u00e9di\u00e1 s kyselinou s\u00edrovou. \u010cerpadl\u00e1 a ventily na dopravu kyseliny s\u00edrovej sa preto zvy\u010dajne vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa z vysokokremi\u010ditej liatiny (\u0165a\u017eko sa odlieva a spracov\u00e1va) a vysokolegovanej nehrdzavej\u00facej ocele (zliatina \u010d. 20), ktor\u00e9 sa v\u0161ak \u0165a\u017eko spracov\u00e1vaj\u00fa a s\u00fa drah\u00e9, preto ich \u013eudia neob\u013eubuj\u00fa. Fluoroplastov\u00e9 zliatiny maj\u00fa vynikaj\u00facu odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di kyseline s\u00edrovej. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa nezistilo \u017eiadne chemick\u00e9 m\u00e9dium, ktor\u00e9 by s nimi reagovalo v pou\u017eite\u013enom teplotnom rozsahu, tak\u017ee pou\u017eitie \u010derpadiel s flu\u00f3rovou vlo\u017ekou (F46) je ekonomickej\u0161ou vo\u013ebou. Medzi pou\u017eite\u013en\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky patria: Fluoroplastov\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 \u010derpadlo CQB, fluoroplastov\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 \u010derpadlo IMD, fluoroplastov\u00e9 odstrediv\u00e9 \u010derpadlo IHF, odstrediv\u00e9 \u010derpadlo FSB z flu\u00f3rovej zliatiny at\u010f.<\/p>\n
4. Kyselina octov\u00e1 je jednou z najviac koroz\u00edvnych l\u00e1tok medzi organick\u00fdmi kyselinami. Be\u017en\u00e1 oce\u013e bude silne korodova\u0165 v kyseline octovej v\u0161etk\u00fdch koncentr\u00e1ci\u00ed a tepl\u00f4t. Nerezov\u00e1 oce\u013e je vynikaj\u00faci materi\u00e1l odoln\u00fd vo\u010di kyseline octovej. Nehrdzavej\u00faca oce\u013e 316 obsahuj\u00faca molybd\u00e9n sa m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 aj pri vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch a zrieden\u00fdch par\u00e1ch kyseliny octovej. Pre vysok\u00e9 teploty a vysok\u00e9 koncentr\u00e1cie kyseliny octovej alebo in\u00e9 koroz\u00edvne m\u00e9di\u00e1 a in\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky mo\u017eno zvoli\u0165 vysokolegovan\u00fa nehrdzavej\u00facu oce\u013e alebo \u010derpadl\u00e1 z fluoroplastu.<\/p>\n
Vlastnosti kyseliny dusi\u010dnej a kyseliny octovej s\u00fa do istej miery podobn\u00e9, ale pri v\u00fdbere fluoroplastov\u00fdch \u010derpadiel ich nemo\u017eno zov\u0161eobecni\u0165. Napr\u00edklad pri v\u00fdbere fluoroplastov\u00fdch odstrediv\u00fdch \u010derpadiel, fluoroplastov\u00fdch magnetick\u00fdch \u010derpadiel alebo fluoroplastov\u00fdch samonas\u00e1vac\u00edch \u010derpadiel je st\u00e1le potrebn\u00e9 vybra\u0165 najvhodnej\u0161\u00ed model pod\u013ea skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobn\u00e9ho prostredia podniku. Niektor\u00e9 prostredia si napr\u00edklad vy\u017eaduj\u00fa vysok\u00fd v\u00fdtlak. Najdlh\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdtlak, s ktor\u00fdm sa stret\u00e1vame, je 300 metrov. Niektor\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00fa, aby typ \u010derpadla zabezpe\u010doval izola\u010dn\u00fa funkciu at\u010f. V\u00fdber fluoroplastov\u00fdch \u010derpadiel preto mus\u00ed vych\u00e1dza\u0165 zo skuto\u010dn\u00fdch podmienok a mus\u00ed by\u0165 opatrn\u00fd a obozretn\u00fd.<\/p>\n
5. Alkalick\u00e1 (hydroxid sodn\u00fd) Oce\u013e sa \u0161iroko pou\u017e\u00edva v roztokoch hydroxidu sodn\u00e9ho s teplotou ni\u017e\u0161ou ako 80 \u00b0C a koncentr\u00e1ciou do 30%. Mnoh\u00e9 tov\u00e1rne st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa be\u017en\u00fa oce\u013e pri teplote 100 \u00b0C a pod 75%. Hoci sa zvy\u0161uje kor\u00f3zia, je to ekonomick\u00e9. Be\u017en\u00e1 nehrdzavej\u00faca oce\u013e nem\u00e1 \u017eiadnu zjavn\u00fa v\u00fdhodu oproti liatine v odolnosti vo\u010di kor\u00f3zii alkalick\u00fdch roztokov. Pokia\u013e sa do m\u00e9dia m\u00f4\u017ee prid\u00e1va\u0165 mal\u00e9 mno\u017estvo \u017eeleza, nerezov\u00e1 oce\u013e sa neodpor\u00fa\u010da. Na vysokoteplotn\u00fd alkalick\u00fd roztok sa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou pou\u017e\u00edva tit\u00e1n a tit\u00e1nov\u00e9 zliatiny alebo vysokolegovan\u00e1 nehrdzavej\u00faca oce\u013e.<\/p>\n
6. Slan\u00e1 voda (morsk\u00e1 voda) Be\u017en\u00e1 oce\u013e m\u00e1 n\u00edzku r\u00fdchlos\u0165 kor\u00f3zie v roztoku chloridu sodn\u00e9ho, morskej a slanej vode a zvy\u010dajne si vy\u017eaduje ochranu n\u00e1terom; r\u00f4zne typy nehrdzavej\u00facej ocele maj\u00fa tie\u017e ve\u013emi n\u00edzku rovnomern\u00fa r\u00fdchlos\u0165 kor\u00f3zie, ale m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 lok\u00e1lnu kor\u00f3ziu sp\u00f4soben\u00fa chloridov\u00fdmi i\u00f3nmi a zvy\u010dajne sa pou\u017e\u00edva nehrdzavej\u00faca oce\u013e 316.<\/p>\n
7. Materi\u00e1ly \u010derpadiel na dod\u00e1vanie kyseliny fluorovod\u00edkovej sa spravidla vyberaj\u00fa takto: hor\u010d\u00edk (Mg): Je to ide\u00e1lny materi\u00e1l odoln\u00fd vo\u010di kor\u00f3zii pre kyselinu fluorovod\u00edkov\u00fa a vo v\u0161eobecnosti sa pou\u017e\u00edva len ako n\u00e1doba; tit\u00e1n: Je vhodn\u00fd pre koncentr\u00e1cie 60 ~ 100% (izbov\u00e1 teplota) a r\u00fdchlos\u0165 kor\u00f3zie sa zvy\u0161uje, ke\u010f je koncentr\u00e1cia ni\u017e\u0161ia ako 60%; zliatina Monel: Je to vynikaj\u00faci materi\u00e1l odoln\u00fd vo\u010di kyseline fluorovod\u00edkovej a odol\u00e1va v\u0161etk\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m a koncentr\u00e1ci\u00e1m (vr\u00e1tane bodu varu); striebro (Ag): Vrie kyselina fluorovod\u00edkov\u00e1, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou sa pou\u017e\u00edva v merac\u00edch zariadeniach.<\/p>\n
8. Alkoholy, ket\u00f3ny, estery a \u00e9tery Medzi be\u017en\u00e9 alkoholov\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e1 patr\u00ed metanol, etanol, etyl\u00e9nglykol, propanol at\u010f., medzi ket\u00f3nov\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e1 patr\u00ed acet\u00f3n, butan\u00f3n at\u010f., medzi esterov\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e1 patria r\u00f4zne metylestery, etylestery at\u010f. a medzi \u00e9terov\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e1 patr\u00ed metylester, etylester, butylester at\u010f. V z\u00e1sade s\u00fa nekoroz\u00edvne a m\u00f4\u017eu sa pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 s be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi materi\u00e1lmi. Pri v\u00fdbere by sa mal urobi\u0165 primeran\u00fd v\u00fdber na z\u00e1klade vlastnost\u00ed m\u00e9di\u00ed a s\u00favisiacich po\u017eiadaviek. Treba tie\u017e poznamena\u0165, \u017ee ket\u00f3ny, estery a \u00e9tery s\u00fa rozpustn\u00e9 v mnoh\u00fdch typoch kau\u010dukov, preto sa pri v\u00fdbere tesniacich materi\u00e1lov vyhnite chyb\u00e1m. Existuje mnoho \u010fal\u0161\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 tu nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 predstavi\u0165 jedno po druhom.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Common corrosive liquids in the chemical industry include sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, etc. Pumps of different materials are required to transport different liquid media. If the corresponding chemical pump is not selected correctly, it will easily cause corrosion. Once corroded, the chemical pump cannot be used. Teflon pumps and […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1360,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[36],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1359"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1359"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1359\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1360"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1359"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1359"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1359"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}