{"id":1438,"date":"2025-03-18T14:55:38","date_gmt":"2025-03-18T06:55:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/?p=1438"},"modified":"2025-03-18T14:55:38","modified_gmt":"2025-03-18T06:55:38","slug":"what-are-the-reasons-for-failure-and-leakage-of-centrifugal-pump-mechanical-seal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/lv\/what-are-the-reasons-for-failure-and-leakage-of-centrifugal-pump-mechanical-seal\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u0101di ir centrb\u0113dzes s\u016bk\u0146a meh\u0101nisk\u0101 bl\u012bv\u0113juma boj\u0101jumu un nopl\u016bdes iemesli?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Centrb\u0113dzes s\u016bk\u0146i pamat\u0101 tiek hermetiz\u0113ti ar meh\u0101niskiem bl\u012bv\u0113jumiem, bet magn\u0113tiskie s\u016bk\u0146i tiek hermetiz\u0113ti ar statiskiem bl\u012bv\u0113juma izol\u0101cijas uzmavas bl\u012bv\u0113jumiem. Centrb\u0113dzes s\u016bk\u0146iem ir daudz meh\u0101nisko bl\u012bv\u0113jumu veidu, un to mode\u013ci at\u0161\u0137iras, ta\u010du ir pieci galvenie nopl\u016bdes punkti: bl\u012bv\u0113jums starp uzmavu un v\u0101rpstu; bl\u012bv\u0113jums starp dinamisko gredzenu un uzmavu; bl\u012bv\u0113jums starp dinamisko un statisko gredzenu; bl\u012bv\u0113jums starp statisko gredzenu un statisk\u0101 gredzena ligzdu; bl\u012bv\u0113jums starp bl\u012bv\u0113juma gala v\u0101ku un s\u016bk\u0146a korpusu. S\u016bk\u0146a bl\u012bv\u0113juma boj\u0101jums un nopl\u016bde ir \u013coti problem\u0101tiska par\u0101d\u012bba. Neatkar\u012bgi no t\u0101, vai tas ir centrb\u0113dzes vai magn\u0113tiskais s\u016bknis, \u0161\u0137idruma nopl\u016bde ir svar\u012bgs faktors, kas izraisa nelaimes gad\u012bjumus ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101. Turpm\u0101k ir analiz\u0113ta un risin\u0101ta bl\u012bv\u0113juma boj\u0101juma izrais\u012bt\u0101 nopl\u016bdes probl\u0113ma.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"1120\"<\/p>\n

1. Nopl\u016bde testa laik\u0101<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0113c s\u016bk\u0146a meh\u0101nisk\u0101 bl\u012bv\u0113juma statisk\u0101s p\u0101rbaudes centrb\u0113dzes sp\u0113ks, ko rada \u0101trdarb\u012bga rot\u0101cija darb\u012bbas laik\u0101, apspie\u017e \u0161\u0137idruma nopl\u016bdi. T\u0101p\u0113c, izsl\u0113dzot v\u0101rpstas un gala v\u0101ka bl\u012bv\u0113jumu boj\u0101jumus, meh\u0101nisk\u0101 bl\u012bv\u0113juma nopl\u016bdi testa laik\u0101 b\u016bt\u012bb\u0101 izraisa dinamisko un statisko gredzenu berzes p\u0101ru boj\u0101jumi.<\/p>\n

Galvenie faktori, kas izraisa berzes p\u0101ra bl\u012bv\u0113juma boj\u0101jumus, ir \u0161\u0101di:<\/p>\n

(1) Ekspluat\u0101cijas laik\u0101 t\u0101du neparastu par\u0101d\u012bbu d\u0113\u013c k\u0101 vakuum\u0113\u0161ana un kavit\u0101cija rodas liels aksi\u0101lais sp\u0113ks, kas izraisa dinamisko un statisko gredzenu kontaktvirsmas atdal\u012b\u0161anos;
\n(2) Uzst\u0101dot meh\u0101nisko bl\u012bv\u0113jumu, saspie\u0161anas daudzums ir p\u0101r\u0101k liels, k\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 berzes p\u0101ra gal\u0113j\u0101 virsma nopietni nodilst un tiek saskr\u0101p\u0113ta;
\n(3) Dinamisk\u0101 gredzena bl\u012bv\u0113jums ir p\u0101r\u0101k cie\u0161s, un atspere nevar regul\u0113t dinamisk\u0101 gredzena aksi\u0101lo peldo\u0161o daudzumu;<\/p>\n

(4) Statiskais gredzena bl\u012bv\u0113jums ir p\u0101r\u0101k va\u013c\u012bgs. Kad dinamiskais gredzens peld aksi\u0101li, statiskais gredzens atdal\u0101s no statisk\u0101 gredzena ligzdas;
\n(5) Darba vid\u0113 ir granulveida vielas, kas darb\u012bbas laik\u0101 non\u0101k berzes p\u0101r\u012b. Atkl\u0101jiet dinamisk\u0101 un statisk\u0101 gredzena bl\u012bv\u0113juma gala virsmas;
\n(6) Konstrukcijas izv\u0113le ir nepareiza, bl\u012bv\u0113juma gala virsmas spiediens ir p\u0101r\u0101k zems vai bl\u012bv\u0113\u0161anas materi\u0101lam ir liela aukst\u0101 sarau\u0161an\u0101s. Iepriek\u0161 min\u0113t\u0101 par\u0101d\u012bba bie\u017ei rodas izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101juma darb\u012bbas laik\u0101. Da\u017ereiz to var nov\u0113rst, pareizi noregul\u0113jot statisk\u0101 gredzena s\u0113dekli, bet vairum\u0101 gad\u012bjumu tas ir j\u0101demont\u0113 un j\u0101nomaina.<\/p>\n

2. Nopl\u016bde uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas statisk\u0101 testa laik\u0101<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0113c meh\u0101nisk\u0101 bl\u012bv\u0113juma uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas un atk\u013c\u016bdo\u0161anas parasti ir nepiecie\u0161ams veikt statisko testu, lai nov\u0113rotu nopl\u016bdi. Ja nopl\u016bde ir neliela, t\u0101 liel\u0101koties ir probl\u0113ma ar dinamisk\u0101 gredzena vai statisk\u0101 gredzena bl\u012bv\u0113jumu; ja nopl\u016bde ir liela, tas nor\u0101da, ka ir probl\u0113ma starp dinamisk\u0101 un statisk\u0101 gredzena berzes p\u0101riem. Pamatojoties uz nopl\u016bdes s\u0101kotn\u0113jo nov\u0113ro\u0161anu un nopl\u016bdes vietas noteik\u0161anu, manu\u0101li pagrieziet riteni, lai nov\u0113rotu. Ja nopl\u016bde ac\u012bmredzami nemain\u0101s, probl\u0113ma ir statiskaj\u0101 un dinamiskaj\u0101 gredzenveida bl\u012bv\u0113jum\u0101; ja pagrie\u0161anas laik\u0101 nopl\u016bde iev\u0113rojami main\u0101s, var noteikt, ka probl\u0113ma ir dinamiskaj\u0101 un statiskaj\u0101 gredzenveida berzes p\u0101r\u012b; ja nopl\u016bdes vide izsmidzin\u0101s pa asu virzienu, probl\u0113mas liel\u0101koties ir ar dinamisko gredzenveida bl\u012bv\u0113jumu, un, ja nopl\u016bdes vide izsmidzin\u0101s visapk\u0101rt vai izpl\u016bst no \u016bdens dzes\u0113\u0161anas atveres, galvenok\u0101rt boj\u0101ts ir statiskais gredzenveida bl\u012bv\u0113jums. Turkl\u0101t nopl\u016bdes kan\u0101li var past\u0101v\u0113t ar\u012b vienlaic\u012bgi, bet parasti past\u0101v prim\u0101r\u0101 un sekund\u0101r\u0101 at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba. Ja uzman\u012bgi v\u0113rojat un esat iepazinu\u0161ies ar konstrukciju, var\u0113siet izdar\u012bt pareizu secin\u0101jumu.<\/p>\n

3. Boj\u0101jums, ko izraisa e\u013c\u013cojo\u0161\u0101s pl\u0113ves zudums uz ab\u0101m bl\u012bv\u0113juma gala virsm\u0101m.<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) S\u016bknis tiek iedarbin\u0101ts, ja bl\u012bv\u0113juma kamer\u0101 nav \u0161\u0137idruma, kas izraisa sausu berzi, jo past\u0101v gala virsmas bl\u012bv\u0113juma slodze;<\/p>\n

(2) Vide ir zem\u0101ka par pies\u0101tin\u0101to tvaika spiedienu, t\u0101p\u0113c gala virsmas \u0161\u0137idruma pl\u0113ve uzliesmo un zaud\u0113 e\u013c\u013co\u0161anu;<\/p>\n

(3) Ja barotne ir gaisto\u0161s produkts, ja meh\u0101nisk\u0101 bl\u012bv\u0113juma dzes\u0113\u0161anas sist\u0113m\u0101 rodas nos\u0113dumi vai aizs\u0113r\u0113jums, barotnes pies\u0101tin\u0101tais tvaika spiediens paaugstin\u0101s galu berzes un siltuma, ko rada rot\u0113jo\u0161ais elements, maisot \u0161\u0137idrumu, d\u0113\u013c, kas ar\u012b izraisa to, ka barotnes spiediens ir zem\u0101ks par t\u0101s pies\u0101tin\u0101to tvaika spiedienu.<\/p>\n

4. Korozijas izrais\u012bta meh\u0101nisk\u0101 bl\u012bv\u0113juma atteice<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Bedr\u0113jumi un vienm\u0113r\u012bga iespie\u0161an\u0101s bl\u012bv\u0113juma virsm\u0101.
\n(2) Volframa karb\u012bda gredzena un ner\u016bs\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 t\u0113rauda s\u0113dek\u013ca metin\u0101\u0161anas d\u0113\u013c ner\u016bs\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 t\u0113rauda s\u0113deklis lieto\u0161anas laik\u0101 ir pak\u013cauts starpkrist\u0101lu korozijai;
\n(3) Metin\u0101ti met\u0101la silf\u012bni, atsperes u. c. ir pak\u013cauti pl\u012bsumiem sprieguma un vid\u0113jas korozijas kombin\u0113t\u0101s iedarb\u012bbas rezult\u0101t\u0101.<\/p>\n

5. Bl\u012bv\u0113juma boj\u0101jums bl\u012bv\u0113juma gala virsmas nodiluma d\u0113\u013c.<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Meh\u0101nisk\u0101 bl\u012bv\u0113juma l\u012bdzsvara pak\u0101pe \u03b2 ietekm\u0113 ar\u012b bl\u012bv\u0113juma nodilumu. Parasti l\u012bdzsvara pak\u0101pe \u03b2 = 75% ir piem\u0113rota. Ja \u03b2<75%, lai gan nodilums samazin\u0101s, palielin\u0101s nopl\u016bde un palielin\u0101s bl\u012bv\u0113juma virsmas atv\u0113r\u0161an\u0101s iesp\u0113ja. Augstas slodzes (augstas PV v\u0113rt\u012bbas) meh\u0101niskiem bl\u012bv\u0113jumiem, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 lielu berzes siltumu gala virsm\u0101, \u03b2 parasti ir 65% l\u012bdz 70%. T\u0101 k\u0101 zemas vir\u0161anas og\u013c\u016bde\u0146ra\u017eu vid\u0113 temperat\u016bra ir jut\u012bg\u0101ka pret vides gazifik\u0101ciju, lai samazin\u0101tu berzes siltuma ietekmi, \u03b2 v\u0113lams ir no 80% l\u012bdz 85%.<\/p>\n

(2) Slikt\u0101 nodilumiztur\u012bba, lielais berzes koeficients un p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgais berzes p\u0101ra gal\u0113j\u0101s virsmas spiediens (ieskaitot atsperes spiedienu) sa\u012bsina meh\u0101nisk\u0101 bl\u012bv\u0113juma kalpo\u0161anas laiku. Parasti izmantoto materi\u0101lu nodilumiztur\u012bbas sec\u012bba ir \u0161\u0101da: sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda-oglek\u013ca graf\u012bts, cement\u0113ta karb\u012bda-oglek\u013ca graf\u012bts, keramikas-oglek\u013ca graf\u012bts, izsmidzin\u0101ta keramikas-oglek\u013ca graf\u012bts, sil\u012bcija nitr\u012bda keramika-oglek\u013ca graf\u012bts, \u0101trdarb\u012bgs t\u0113rauds-oglek\u013ca graf\u012bts un cement\u0113ta karb\u012bda-oglek\u013ca graf\u012bts ar p\u0101rkl\u0101jumu.<\/p>\n

(3) Ciet\u0101s da\u013ci\u0146as saturo\u0161\u0101m vid\u0113m galvenais bl\u012bv\u0113juma boj\u0101jumu c\u0113lonis ir cieto da\u013ci\u0146u iek\u013c\u016b\u0161ana bl\u012bv\u0113juma virsm\u0101. Ciet\u0101s da\u013ci\u0146as, kas iek\u013c\u016bst berzes p\u0101ra gala virsm\u0101, darbojas k\u0101 abraz\u012bvi, izraisot smagu nodilumu un bl\u012bv\u0113juma boj\u0101jumus. Sapr\u0101t\u012bga atstarpe starp bl\u012bv\u0113juma virsmu, meh\u0101nisk\u0101 bl\u012bv\u0113juma l\u012bdzsvars un \u0161\u0137idruma pl\u0113ves mirgo\u0161ana uz bl\u012bv\u0113juma gala virsmas ir galvenie iemesli, kas izraisa gala virsmas atv\u0113r\u0161anos un cieto da\u013ci\u0146u iek\u013c\u016b\u0161anu.<\/p>\n

6. Meh\u0101nisk\u0101 bl\u012bv\u0113juma nopl\u016bde, ko izrais\u012bju\u0161as k\u013c\u016bdas uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161an\u0101, ekspluat\u0101cij\u0101 vai pa\u0161\u0101 iek\u0101rt\u0101.<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Meh\u0101nisk\u0101 bl\u012bv\u0113juma nopl\u016bde sliktas uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas d\u0113\u013c. Tas galvenok\u0101rt izpau\u017eas \u0161\u0101dos aspektos:<\/p>\n

1) Dinamisko un statisko gredzenu kontaktvirsma ir nevienm\u0113r\u012bga, un uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas laik\u0101 tie ir sasitumi vai boj\u0101jumi;<\/p>\n

2) dinamiskie un statiskie gredzenveida bl\u012bv\u0113jumi ir nepareiza izm\u0113ra, boj\u0101ti vai nav cie\u0161i saspiesti;<\/p>\n

3) Uz dinamisko un statisko gredzenu virsmas ir sve\u0161\u0137erme\u0146i;<\/p>\n

4) Dinamisko un statisko gredzenu V-veida bl\u012bves tiek uzst\u0101d\u012btas pret\u0113j\u0101 virzien\u0101 vai ar\u012b uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas laik\u0101 to malas tiek apgrieztas;<\/p>\n

5) Ir nopl\u016bde uz uzmavas, bl\u012bv\u0113jums nav uzst\u0101d\u012bts vai spiedes sp\u0113ks ir nepietiekams;<\/p>\n

6) atsperes sp\u0113ks ir nevienm\u0113r\u012bgs, viena atspere nav vertik\u0101la, un vair\u0101ku atsperu garumi ir at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgi;<\/p>\n

7) bl\u012bv\u0113juma dobuma gala virsma nav pietiekami vertik\u0101la attiec\u012bb\u0101 pret v\u0101rpstu;<\/p>\n

8) Bl\u012bv\u0113juma akt\u012bvaj\u0101 da\u013c\u0101 uz uzmavas ir korozijas punkti.<\/p>\n

(2) Galvenie iemesli meh\u0101nisko bl\u012bv\u0113jumu nopl\u016bdei iek\u0101rtas darb\u012bbas laik\u0101 ir \u0161\u0101di:<\/p>\n

1) S\u016bk\u0146a l\u0101psti\u0146rite\u0146a aksi\u0101l\u0101 kust\u012bba p\u0101rsniedz standartu, v\u0101rpsta periodiski vibr\u0113, procesa darb\u012bba ir nestabila, un spiediens bl\u012bv\u0113juma kamer\u0101 bie\u017ei main\u0101s, kas izraisa periodisku bl\u012bv\u0113juma nopl\u016bdi;<\/p>\n

2) berzes p\u0101ris ir boj\u0101ts vai deform\u0113ts un nevar ieskriet, izraisot nopl\u016bdi;<\/p>\n

3) Nepareiza bl\u012bvgredzenu materi\u0101lu izv\u0113le, uzbrie\u0161ana un elast\u012bbas zudums;<\/p>\n

4) Liel\u0101 atspere nav v\u0113rsta pareizaj\u0101 virzien\u0101;<\/p>\n

5) Iek\u0101rtas vibr\u0101cija darb\u012bbas laik\u0101 ir p\u0101r\u0101k liela;<\/p>\n

6) Starp dinamiskajiem un statiskajiem gredzeniem un v\u0101rpstas uzmavu veidojas nos\u0113dumi, t\u0101p\u0113c atspere zaud\u0113 elast\u012bbu un nesp\u0113j kompens\u0113t bl\u012bv\u0113juma virsmas nodilumu;<\/p>\n

7) bl\u012bv\u0113juma gredzens ir saplais\u0101jis utt.<\/p>\n

(3) S\u016bknis nopl\u016bst, kad tas tiek iedarbin\u0101ts no jauna p\u0113c tam, kad tas k\u0101du laiku ir bijis aptur\u0113ts. Tas galvenok\u0101rt ir saist\u012bts ar \u0161\u0137idruma saciet\u0113\u0161anu un kristaliz\u0101ciju pie berzes p\u0101ra, ka\u013c\u0137akmens kl\u0101tb\u016btni uz berzes p\u0101ra, k\u0101 ar\u012b ar atsperes koroziju un blo\u0137\u0113\u0161anos, k\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 tiek zaud\u0113ta elast\u012bba.<\/p>\n

7. Meh\u0101nisk\u0101 bl\u012bv\u0113juma atteice augstas temperat\u016bras iedarb\u012bbas d\u0113\u013c<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Termisk\u0101 plais\u0101\u0161ana ir izplat\u012bta boj\u0101jumu par\u0101d\u012bba augstas temperat\u016bras e\u013c\u013cas s\u016bk\u0146os, piem\u0113ram, e\u013c\u013cas atlikumu s\u016bk\u0146os, e\u013c\u013cas p\u0101rstr\u0101des s\u016bk\u0146os, atmosf\u0113ras un vakuuma tor\u0146u apak\u0161\u0113jos s\u016bk\u0146os. Radi\u0101las plaisas uz gredzena virsmas par\u0101d\u0101s sausas berzes, p\u0113k\u0161\u0146as dzes\u0113\u0161anas \u016bdens padeves p\u0101rtrauk\u0161anas, net\u012brumu iek\u013c\u016b\u0161anas bl\u012bv\u0113juma virsm\u0101 un vakuum\u0113\u0161anas d\u0113\u013c.<\/p>\n

2. Graf\u012bta karboniz\u0101cija ir viens no galvenajiem iemesliem, k\u0101p\u0113c, izmantojot oglek\u013ca-graf\u012bta gredzenus, saboj\u0101jas bl\u012bv\u0113jums. Lieto\u0161anas laik\u0101, ja graf\u012bta gredzens p\u0101rsniedz pie\u013caujamo temperat\u016bru (parasti -105 ~ 250 \u00b0C), uz t\u0101 virsmas izgulsn\u0113jas sve\u0137i, un sve\u0137i pie berzes virsmas karboniz\u0113jas. Ja ir saistviela, t\u0101 put\u0101s un m\u012bkstin\u0101s, palielinot bl\u012bv\u0113juma virsmas nopl\u016bdi un izraisot bl\u012bv\u0113juma boj\u0101jumus;<\/p>\n

3. Pal\u012bgbl\u012bves (piem\u0113ram, fluorakau\u010duka, EPDM un visa veida gumijas) p\u0113c pie\u013caujam\u0101s temperat\u016bras p\u0101rsnieg\u0161anas noveco, saplais\u0101, saciet\u0113 un strauji zaud\u0113 elast\u012bbu. Pa\u0161laik izmantotajam elast\u012bgajam graf\u012btam ir laba iztur\u012bba pret augst\u0101m temperat\u016br\u0101m un koroziju, bet t\u0101 elast\u012bba ir v\u0101ja. Tas ar\u012b viegli plais\u0101 un ir viegli boj\u0101jams uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas laik\u0101.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Centrifugal pumps are basically sealed by mechanical seals, while magnetic pumps are sealed by static seal isolation sleeves. There are many types of mechanical seals for centrifugal pumps, and the models vary, but there are five main leakage points: the seal between the sleeve and the shaft; the seal between the dynamic ring and the […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1439,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[36],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1438"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1438"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1438\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1439"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1438"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1438"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1438"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}