S\u016bk\u0146u stabilit\u0101tes p\u0101rvald\u012bbu procesu nozar\u0113 var iedal\u012bt tr\u012bs posmos:<\/p>\n
1) S\u016bk\u0146a izv\u0113le un stabilit\u0101tes noteik\u0161ana pirms uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas;<\/p>\n
2) Sagatavo\u0161an\u0101s palai\u0161anai;<\/p>\n
3) stabilit\u0101tes nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana p\u0113c palai\u0161anas. Lai centrb\u0113dzes s\u016bk\u0146i darbotos efekt\u012bv\u0101k un stabil\u0101k, tiem ir labi j\u0101str\u0101d\u0101 \u0161\u0101dos 10 aspektos.<\/p>\n
1. S\u016bk\u0146a izv\u0113le<\/strong><\/p>\n Kam\u0113r centrb\u0113dzes s\u016bknis tiek ekspluat\u0113ts apst\u0101k\u013cos, kas ir tuvi projekt\u0113\u0161anas apst\u0101k\u013ciem, parasti var sasniegt labu veiktsp\u0113ju un uztur\u0113\u0161anas interv\u0101lus. Tom\u0113r j\u0101atz\u012bm\u0113, ka \"konstrukcija\" attiecas ne tikai uz spiedienu, pl\u016bsmu, temperat\u016bru un citiem procesa parametriem, bet ar\u012b uz atloku spiedienu un kust\u012bbu, sakabju spiedienu un kust\u012bbu, gult\u0146u e\u013c\u013co\u0161anu un l\u012bdz\u012bgiem meh\u0101niskiem faktoriem. S\u016bk\u0146us ar vecu konstrukciju var ekspluat\u0113t tikai \u012bsu laiku apst\u0101k\u013cos, kas nav paredz\u0113ti projekt\u0101, un tad s\u016bk\u0146a veiktsp\u0113jas l\u012bmenis samazin\u0101s. T\u0101p\u0113c j\u0101izv\u0113las s\u016bk\u0146i, kas darbojas tuvu maksim\u0101l\u0101s efektivit\u0101tes punktam (BEP).<\/p>\n Centrb\u0113dzes s\u016bk\u0146i ar lielu ies\u016bk\u0161anas \u012bpatn\u0113jo \u0101trumu parasti var sasniegt labus darba apst\u0101k\u013cus tikai \u0161aur\u0101 diapazon\u0101. Augstspiediena \u016bdens s\u016bk\u0146iem, kas m\u0113\u0123ina izmantot lielus l\u0101psti\u0146rite\u0146a iepl\u016bdes atveres diametrus, lai samazin\u0101tu NPSHR, rodas pretpl\u016bsma.<\/p>\n S\u016bk\u0146iem ar zemu NPSHR \u012bpatn\u0113jais ies\u016bk\u0161anas \u0101trums ir aptuveni 12 000. Ja norm\u0101lais pl\u016bsmas \u0101trums novirz\u0101s no BEP pl\u016bsmas \u0101truma, rad\u012bsies iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 pretpl\u016bsma, kas s\u016bkni padar\u012bs maz\u0101k stabilu. Turbulence var izrais\u012bt l\u0101psti\u0146rite\u0146a eroziju un meh\u0101nisk\u0101 bl\u012bv\u0113juma darb\u012bbu, gult\u0146u slodzi un v\u0101rpstas deform\u0101ciju. Paredzamo centrb\u0113dzes s\u016bk\u0146a sast\u0101vda\u013cu kalpo\u0161anas laiku ietekm\u0113 daudzi faktori, tostarp s\u016bk\u0146a ies\u016bkn\u0113\u0161anas \u012bpatn\u0113jais \u0101trums, caurpl\u016bdums procentos (Qactual\/QBEP), NPSH rezerve (NPSHA-NPSHR), augstuma pieaugums katr\u0101 pak\u0101p\u0113 un s\u016bk\u0146a korpusa konstrukcija. Lietot\u0101ju piepras\u012bjums p\u0113c efekt\u012bviem, l\u0113tiem un zemas NPSHR s\u016bk\u0146iem ir veicin\u0101jis s\u016bkn\u0113\u0161anas \u012bpatn\u0113jo \u0101trumu virs 12 000, kad faktiskais caurpl\u016bdums maz\u0101k at\u0161\u0137iras no BEP caurpl\u016bduma. Ide\u0101lajam s\u016bk\u0146a ies\u016bk\u0161anas \u012bpatn\u0113jam \u0101trumam vajadz\u0113tu b\u016bt aptuveni 8500.<\/p>\n 2. Bl\u012bv\u0113juma izv\u0113le<\/strong><\/p>\n Iepakojuma bl\u012bves ir atk\u0101pu\u0161\u0101s no v\u0113sturisk\u0101 posma, pla\u0161i tiek izmantotas meh\u0101nisk\u0101s bl\u012bves un saus\u0101s g\u0101zes bl\u012bves, un meh\u0101nisk\u0101s bl\u012bves tiek pla\u0161i izmantotas. Meh\u0101niskie bl\u012bv\u0113jumi ir \u013coti att\u012bst\u012bti produktu un tehnolo\u0123iju zi\u0146\u0101. Bl\u012bv\u0113juma gala virsmas materi\u0101lam ir j\u0101sp\u0113j \u0101tri nodot rad\u012bto siltumu, lai nov\u0113rstu \u0161\u0137idruma iztvaiko\u0161anu. Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds ir pirm\u0101 izv\u0113le bl\u012bv\u0113juma gala virsmas materi\u0101liem, jo tam ir augsta siltumvad\u012btsp\u0113ja un augsta ciet\u012bba. Izv\u0113loties s\u016bkni, r\u016bp\u012bgi j\u0101apsver bl\u012bv\u0113juma skalo\u0161anas risin\u0101jums.<\/p>\n 3. Cauru\u013cu spiediens<\/strong><\/p>\n Kad caurule ir pieskr\u016bv\u0113ta kop\u0101 ar s\u016bk\u0146a korpusa atloku, \u0101r\u0113jais spiediens, ko rada caurules svars, termisk\u0101 izple\u0161an\u0101s un procesa \u0161\u0137idruma svars, rada spiedienu uz s\u016bkni. \u0160is spiediens izrais\u012bs s\u016bk\u0146a korpusa deform\u0101ciju, radot iek\u0161\u0113jos nob\u012bdes nob\u012bdes, izraisot berzi starp s\u016bk\u0146a korpusu, l\u0101psti\u0146rati un v\u0101rpstu un pat v\u0101rpstas aiz\u0137er\u0161anos. Tie rad\u012bs griezes momentu ap s\u016bkni, izraisot novirzes starp s\u016bkni un piedzi\u0146as v\u0101rpstu, kas izrais\u012bs priek\u0161laic\u012bgu sakabes, gult\u0146a vai meh\u0101nisk\u0101 bl\u012bv\u0113juma boj\u0101jumu. T\u0101p\u0113c ir j\u0101nosaka \u0161o cauru\u013cu spiediena un griezes momenta ierobe\u017eojumi. Cauru\u013cvadu projekt\u0113t\u0101jiem \u0161\u012bs robe\u017eas ir maksim\u0101l\u0101s spiediena v\u0113rt\u012bbas, ko cauru\u013cvads var rad\u012bt s\u016bknim.<\/p>\n 4. Uzglab\u0101\u0161ana<\/strong><\/p>\n P\u0113c tam, kad s\u016bknis ir pareizi izstr\u0101d\u0101ts un pas\u016bt\u012bts, p\u0101rdev\u0113js nos\u016bta s\u016bkni pirc\u0113jam un gaida uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161anu. Visi s\u016bk\u0146i tiek iet\u012bti ar \u016bdensnecaurlaid\u012bgu brezentu, p\u0101rliecinoties, ka brezents piln\u012bb\u0101 nosedz s\u016bk\u0146a aug\u0161\u0113jo un apak\u0161\u0113jo galu, lai gult\u0146i un savienojumi netiktu nosm\u0113r\u0113ti ar putek\u013ciem. Lai izvair\u012btos no putek\u013cu uzkr\u0101\u0161an\u0101s un mitruma, s\u016bknis j\u0101novieto no lietus un putek\u013cu necaurlaid\u012bg\u0101 viet\u0101.<\/p>\n 5. S\u016bk\u0146a atra\u0161an\u0101s vieta<\/strong><\/p>\n S\u016bk\u0146a pareizai atra\u0161an\u0101s vietai ir svar\u012bga noz\u012bme darba un apkopes punkt\u0101. Lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu labus pl\u016bsmas apst\u0101k\u013cus, s\u016bknim j\u0101atrodas p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas tuv\u0101k \u0161\u0137idruma padeves galam. Ja ir pietiekami daudz vietas, s\u016bk\u0146a iepl\u016bdei j\u0101b\u016bt zem\u0101k par padeves \u0161\u0137idruma l\u012bmeni. Atst\u0101jiet pietiekami daudz vietas ap s\u016bkni, lai var\u0113tu veikt p\u0101rbaudes un apkopi. S\u016bk\u0146a aug\u0161pus\u0113 atst\u0101jiet pietiekami daudz vietas, lai, izmantojot augstceltnes celtni un \u0137\u0113des pac\u0113l\u0101ju, var\u0113tu pacelt smag\u0101k\u0101s s\u016bk\u0146a da\u013cas. Uzst\u0101diet s\u016bkni t\u012br\u0101 un saus\u0101 viet\u0101 un centieties izvair\u012bties no net\u012br\u0101m, putek\u013cain\u0101m vai mitr\u0101m telp\u0101m.<\/p>\n 6. Fonds<\/strong><\/p>\n S\u016bk\u0146a pamatam j\u0101b\u016bt r\u016bp\u012bgi projekt\u0113tam, lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu, ka s\u016bk\u0146a un t\u0101 vad\u012bt\u0101ja slodze nep\u0101rsniedz augsnes nestsp\u0113ju. Gandr\u012bz visi s\u016bk\u0146i tiek uzst\u0101d\u012bti uz betona pamatiem, jo \u0161is materi\u0101ls ir l\u0113ts un \u013coti iztur\u012bgs.<\/p>\n 7. S\u016bk\u0146a uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161ana<\/strong><\/p>\n Viens no b\u016btisk\u0101kajiem faktoriem visu pak\u0101pju un tipu s\u016bk\u0146u veiksm\u012bgai darb\u012bbai un apkopei ir pareiza uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161ana. Pareizi uzst\u0101d\u012bts s\u016bknis var ilgsto\u0161i palikt kalibr\u0113t\u0101 st\u0101vokl\u012b, ar maz\u0101ku nopl\u016bdi un vibr\u0101ciju no s\u016bk\u0146a korpusa un atlokiem.<\/p>\n 8. Cauru\u013cvadu savienojumi<\/strong><\/p>\n Cauru\u013cvadu sist\u0113mas rad\u012bt\u0101s slodzes un spriegumi var b\u016btiski ietekm\u0113t iek\u0101rtas stabilit\u0101ti. Cauru\u013cu izple\u0161an\u0101s vai citu iemeslu izrais\u012btas slodzes var izrais\u012bt v\u0101rpstas novirzes, s\u016bk\u0146a korpusa deform\u0101cijas un iek\u0161\u0113jo rot\u0113jo\u0161o da\u013cu savstarp\u0113ju iejauk\u0161anos. T\u0101p\u0113c, jo maz\u0101ku slodzi cauru\u013cvadu sist\u0113ma rada iek\u0101rtai, jo lab\u0101k.<\/p>\n 9. Cauru\u013cvadu t\u012br\u012b\u0161ana<\/strong><\/p>\n Starp s\u016bk\u0146a rot\u0113jo\u0161aj\u0101m da\u013c\u0101m ir atstarpes, un ir nepiecie\u0161ams nov\u0113rst abraz\u012bvo da\u013ci\u0146u boj\u0101jumus jaunaj\u0101 cauru\u013cvadu sist\u0113m\u0101. S\u016bk\u0146a rot\u0113jo\u0161aj\u0101 spraug\u0101 nogulsn\u0113ju\u0161\u0101s abraz\u012bv\u0101s da\u013ci\u0146as izraisa s\u016bk\u0146a izsl\u0113g\u0161anos, un uztur\u0113\u0161anas izmaksas ir \u013coti augstas. Lai samazin\u0101tu abraz\u012bvo da\u013ci\u0146u iek\u013c\u016b\u0161anas iesp\u0113ju s\u016bkn\u012b, parasti tiek uzst\u0101d\u012bts filtrs.<\/p>\n 10. Kalibr\u0113\u0161ana<\/strong><\/p>\n Uzsildiet s\u016bkni l\u012bdz darba temperat\u016brai, s\u016bk\u0146a korpus\u0101 ievadot \u0161\u0137idrumu. P\u0101rbaudot kalibr\u0113\u0161anu, p\u0101rbaudiet motora un s\u016bk\u0146a rot\u0101ciju. S\u016bknim j\u0101grie\u017eas virzien\u0101, kas nor\u0101d\u012bts uz s\u016bk\u0146a korpusa. Var rasties nepareiza virz\u012bba:<\/p>\n 1) S\u016bk\u0146a gult\u0146u p\u0101rslodze;<\/p>\n 2) Meh\u0101nisk\u0101 bl\u012bv\u0113juma aksi\u0101l\u0101 rot\u0101cija uz priek\u0161u un atpaka\u013c. Jo vair\u0101k p\u0101rvietojas bl\u012bv\u0113jums, jo viegl\u0101k atveras p\u0101rkl\u0101jas bl\u012bv\u0113juma virsmas;<\/p>\n 3) Ja neatbilst\u012bba ir liela, stacion\u0101r\u0101s un kust\u012bg\u0101s da\u013cas saskaras;<\/p>\n 4) Nodiluma gredzena kontakts;<\/p>\n 5) l\u0101psti\u0146ritenis un v\u0101rpsta saskaras viens ar otru.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Pump stability management in the process industry can be divided into three stages: 1) Pump selection and stability determination before installation; 2) Preparation for startup; 3) Ensuring stability after startup. For centrifugal pumps to operate more effectively and stably, they need to do a good job in the following 10 aspects. 1. Pump Selection As […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1362,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[36],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1361"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1361"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1361\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1362"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1361"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1361"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1361"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}