{"id":542,"date":"2024-04-07T13:52:08","date_gmt":"2024-04-07T05:52:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/?p=542"},"modified":"2024-06-03T09:32:31","modified_gmt":"2024-06-03T01:32:31","slug":"the-working-principle-and-structure-analysis-of-centrifugal-pump","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/cs\/the-working-principle-and-structure-analysis-of-centrifugal-pump\/","title":{"rendered":"Princip \u010dinnosti a anal\u00fdza struktury odst\u0159ediv\u00e9ho \u010derpadla"},"content":{"rendered":"

Princip \u010dinnosti odst\u0159ediv\u00e9ho \u010derpadla je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/span><\/p>\n

Odst\u0159ediv\u00e9 \u010derpadlo m\u016f\u017ee pos\u00edlat vodu ven d\u00edky odst\u0159ediv\u00e9 s\u00edle.<\/span> P\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm pr\u00e1ce \u010derpadla mus\u00ed b\u00fdt t\u011bleso \u010derpadla a p\u0159\u00edvodn\u00ed potrub\u00ed napln\u011bno vodou, aby se vytvo\u0159il vakuov\u00fd stav, kdy\u017e se ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 kolo rychle ot\u00e1\u010d\u00ed, lopatka podporuje rychlou rotaci vody, rotuj\u00edc\u00ed voda odl\u00e9t\u00e1 od ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho kola p\u016fsoben\u00edm odst\u0159ediv\u00e9 s\u00edly, po vyvr\u017een\u00ed vody v \u010derpadle se ve st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho kola vytvo\u0159\u00ed vakuov\u00fd prostor.<\/span> Voda ze zdroje se tla\u010d\u00ed do p\u0159\u00edvodn\u00edho potrub\u00ed potrubn\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00edm atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho tlaku (nebo tlaku vody).<\/span> T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem lze dos\u00e1hnout kontinu\u00e1ln\u00edho \u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00edmi sou\u010d\u00e1stmi odst\u0159ediv\u00e9ho \u010derpadla jsou ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 kolo, t\u011bleso \u010derpadla, h\u0159\u00eddelov\u00e9 t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed, t\u011bsnic\u00ed krou\u017eek, t\u011bsnic\u00ed sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 kolo: <\/span><\/p>\n

Ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 kolo je hlavn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed odst\u0159ediv\u00e9ho \u010derpadla, m\u00e1 vysok\u00e9 ot\u00e1\u010dky a velkou v\u00fdstupn\u00ed s\u00edlu a hlavn\u00ed roli hraje lopatka na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9m kole. Ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 kolo by m\u011blo p\u0159ed mont\u00e1\u017e\u00ed proj\u00edt experimentem statick\u00e9ho vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed.<\/span> Vnit\u0159n\u00ed a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed povrch ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho kola by m\u011bl b\u00fdt hladk\u00fd, aby se sn\u00ed\u017eily ztr\u00e1ty t\u0159en\u00edm p\u0159i proud\u011bn\u00ed vody.<\/span> Ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 kolo m\u00e1 obvykle 6 a\u017e 12 dozadu zahnut\u00fdch lopatek.<\/span> Ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 kolo m\u00e1 t\u0159i typy: otev\u0159en\u00e9, polouzav\u0159en\u00e9 a uzav\u0159en\u00e9.<\/span> Otev\u0159en\u00e9 ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 kolo nem\u00e1 kryc\u00ed desku na obou stran\u00e1ch lopatky, co\u017e je jednoduch\u00e9 na v\u00fdrobu a snadno se \u010dist\u00ed. Je vhodn\u00e9 pro dopravu materi\u00e1l\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed suspendovan\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, s n\u00edzkou \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed a n\u00edzk\u00fdm tlakem kapaliny.<\/span> Polouzav\u0159en\u00e9 ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 kolo nem\u00e1 na sac\u00ed stran\u011b kryt a na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b kryt, co\u017e je vhodn\u00e9 pro dopravu materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 se snadno sr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed nebo obsahuj\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice, a \u00fa\u010dinnost je tak\u00e9 n\u00edzk\u00e1;<\/span> Uzav\u0159en\u00e9 ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 kolo m\u00e1 na obou stran\u00e1ch lopatek p\u0159edn\u00ed a zadn\u00ed kryc\u00ed desky, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vysokou \u00fa\u010dinnost a jsou vhodn\u00e9 pro dopravu \u010dist\u00e9 kapaliny bez ne\u010distot.<\/span> Ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 kolo odst\u0159ediv\u00e9ho \u010derpadla je v\u011bt\u0161inou tohoto typu. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2. T\u011bleso \u010derpadla: <\/span><\/p>\n

T\u011bleso \u010derpadla se tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1 pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 \u010derpadla, co\u017e je hlavn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st \u010derpadla.<\/span> Pln\u00ed \u00falohu podp\u011bry a upevn\u011bn\u00ed a je spojen s dr\u017e\u00e1kem pro mont\u00e1\u017e lo\u017eisek.<\/span> \u00dakolem je uzav\u0159\u00edt ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 kolo v ur\u010dit\u00e9m prostoru, aby se kapalina vdechovala a vytla\u010dovala p\u016fsoben\u00edm ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho kola.<\/span> Pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 \u010derpadla m\u00e1 tvar spir\u00e1ly, proto se mu tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 spir\u00e1la.<\/span> S postupn\u00fdm zv\u011bt\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm pr\u016f\u0159ezu pr\u016fto\u010dn\u00e9ho kan\u00e1lu se postupn\u011b sni\u017euje rychlost kapaliny vymr\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 z ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho kola, tak\u017ee \u010d\u00e1st kinetick\u00e9 energie se \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje na statickou tlakovou energii.<\/span> Sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148 \u010derpadla nejen zachycuje kapalinu vyvr\u017eenou ob\u011b\u017en\u00fdm kolem, ale slou\u017e\u00ed tak\u00e9 jako za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro p\u0159em\u011bnu energie. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3. T\u011bsnic\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed h\u0159\u00eddele: <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dakolem je zabr\u00e1nit \u00faniku kapaliny z pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b \u010derpadla pod\u00e9l osy nebo \u00faniku vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho vzduchu do pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b \u010derpadla.<\/span> Mezi b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 t\u011bsnic\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed h\u0159\u00eddel\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed t\u011bsnic\u00ed krou\u017eky a mechanick\u00e9 ucp\u00e1vky.<\/span> Obal je obvykle azbestov\u00e9 lano napu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 olejem nebo pota\u017een\u00e9 grafitem.<\/span> Mechanick\u00e1 ucp\u00e1vka se spol\u00e9h\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na relativn\u00ed pohyb \u010deln\u00ed plochy mezi dynamick\u00fdm krou\u017ekem instalovan\u00fdm na h\u0159\u00eddeli a statick\u00fdm krou\u017ekem upevn\u011bn\u00fdm na t\u011blese \u010derpadla, aby bylo dosa\u017eeno \u00fa\u010delu ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4, t\u011bsnic\u00ed krou\u017eek: <\/span><\/p>\n

T\u011bsnic\u00ed krou\u017eek se tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1 krou\u017eek sni\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed net\u011bsnost.<\/span> V\u016fle mezi vstupem ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho kola a t\u011blesem \u010derpadla je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e1, co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee voda z vysokotlak\u00e9 oblasti \u010derpadla proud\u00ed touto mezerou do n\u00edzkotlak\u00e9 oblasti, co\u017e ovliv\u0148uje v\u00fdkon \u010derpadla a sni\u017euje \u00fa\u010dinnost!<\/span> P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00e1 v\u016fle zp\u016fsobuje t\u0159en\u00ed mezi ob\u011b\u017en\u00fdm kolem a t\u011blesem \u010derpadla a jeho opot\u0159eben\u00ed.<\/span> Aby se zv\u00fd\u0161ila odolnost proti zp\u011btn\u00e9mu toku a sn\u00ed\u017eila vnit\u0159n\u00ed net\u011bsnost, prodlou\u017eila \u017eivotnost ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho kola a pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b \u010derpadla, je t\u011bsnic\u00ed krou\u017eek instalov\u00e1n na vnit\u0159n\u00ed hran\u011b pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b \u010derpadla a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pomocn\u00e9m ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9m kole a t\u011bsnic\u00ed mezera je udr\u017eov\u00e1na v rozmez\u00ed 0,25 a\u017e 1,10 mm. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

5, plnic\u00ed box: <\/span><\/p>\n

Ucp\u00e1vkov\u00fd box se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed, vodot\u011bsn\u00e9ho krou\u017eku, t\u011bsnic\u00edho v\u00e1lce, t\u011bsnic\u00ed v\u00fdvodky a vodot\u011bsn\u00e9 trubky.<\/span> \u00dakolem plnic\u00ed sk\u0159\u00edn\u011b je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm uzav\u0159\u00edt mezeru mezi pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bm \u010derpadla a h\u0159\u00eddelem \u010derpadla, aby voda v \u010derpadle neproudila ven a aby do \u010derpadla nevnikal vzduch zven\u010d\u00ed.<\/span> V\u017edy udr\u017eujte podtlak ve v\u00fdv\u011bv\u011b!<\/span> Kdy\u017e h\u0159\u00eddel \u010derpadla a t\u0159en\u00ed t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed teplo, je nutn\u00e9 spol\u00e9hat na to, \u017ee vodn\u00ed t\u011bsnic\u00ed trubka bude vst\u0159ikovat vodu do vodn\u00edho t\u011bsnic\u00edho krou\u017eku, aby se t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed ochladilo!<\/span> Udr\u017eujte \u010derpadlo v \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9m chodu.<\/span> Proto je t\u0159eba v\u011bnovat zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost kontrole plnic\u00edho boxu b\u011bhem provozu \u010derpadla.<\/span> N\u00e1pl\u0148 by se m\u011bla vym\u011bnit p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b po 600 hodin\u00e1ch provozu. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

6, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed axi\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edly v procesu provozu odst\u0159ediv\u00e9ho \u010derpadla, proto\u017ee kapalina je pod n\u00edzk\u00fdm tlakem do ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho kola a pod vysok\u00fdm tlakem ven, tak\u017ee tlak na obou stran\u00e1ch ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho kola je nerovnom\u011brn\u00fd, co\u017e vede k axi\u00e1ln\u00edmu tahu sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edmu ke sm\u011bru vstupu, zp\u016fsob\u00ed axi\u00e1ln\u00ed pohyb rotoru, opot\u0159eben\u00ed a vibrace, tak\u017ee axi\u00e1ln\u00ed axi\u00e1ln\u00ed lo\u017eisko by m\u011blo b\u00fdt nastaveno tak, aby vyv\u00e1\u017eilo axi\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edlu.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The working principle of the centrifugal pump is: The centrifugal pump can send water out because of the role of centrifugal force. Before the pump works, the pump body and the water inlet pipe must be filled with water to form a vacuum state, when the impeller rotates rapidly, the blade promotes the rapid rotation […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":526,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[36],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/542"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=542"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/542\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/526"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=542"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=542"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=542"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}