{"id":1359,"date":"2024-11-12T15:22:22","date_gmt":"2024-11-12T07:22:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/?p=1359"},"modified":"2024-11-12T15:22:22","modified_gmt":"2024-11-12T07:22:22","slug":"how-to-select-the-acid-and-alkali-resistant-pump-model-according-to-the-conveying-medium","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/cs\/how-to-select-the-acid-and-alkali-resistant-pump-model-according-to-the-conveying-medium\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak vybrat model \u010derpadla odoln\u00e9ho v\u016f\u010di kyselin\u00e1m a z\u00e1sad\u00e1m podle dopravovan\u00e9ho m\u00e9dia?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 korozivn\u00ed kapaliny v chemick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu pat\u0159\u00ed kyselina s\u00edrov\u00e1, kyselina dusi\u010dn\u00e1, kyselina chlorovod\u00edkov\u00e1, kyselina bromovod\u00edkov\u00e1, kyselina jodov\u00e1 atd. Pro p\u0159epravu r\u016fzn\u00fdch kapaln\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed jsou zapot\u0159eb\u00ed \u010derpadla z r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Pokud nen\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed chemick\u00e9 \u010derpadlo vybr\u00e1no spr\u00e1vn\u011b, snadno zp\u016fsob\u00ed korozi. Jakmile dojde ke korozi, nelze chemick\u00e9 \u010derpadlo pou\u017e\u00edvat. Teflonov\u00e1 \u010derpadla a ventily shrnuly n\u011bkter\u00e9 b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 korozivn\u00ed kapaliny odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011bru vodn\u00edho \u010derpadla, co\u017e v\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee bude pro v\u0161echny u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pro spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br chemick\u00fdch \u010derpadel odoln\u00fdch v\u016f\u010di kyselin\u00e1m a z\u00e1sad\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

1. Anal\u00fdza m\u00e9dia kyseliny chlorovod\u00edkov\u00e9<\/p>\n

Po\u0159ad\u00ed \u017e\u00edravosti b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch kov\u016f kyseliny chlorovod\u00edkov\u00e9: drasl\u00edk, sod\u00edk, v\u00e1pn\u00edk, ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk, hlin\u00edk, zinek, \u017eelezo, c\u00edn, olovo, (vod\u00edk), m\u011b\u010f, rtu\u0165, st\u0159\u00edbro, platina, zlato. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce vp\u0159edu, t\u00edm aktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Ten, kter\u00fd je p\u0159ed vod\u00edkem, m\u016f\u017ee reagovat s vod\u00edkem. Proto p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru \u010derpadla kyseliny chlorovod\u00edkov\u00e9 nem\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt \u010derpadlo na b\u00e1zi kovu (\u017eeleza). Austenitick\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli, jako jsou 304 a 316L, budou v prost\u0159ed\u00ed obsahuj\u00edc\u00edm chloridov\u00e9 ionty rovn\u011b\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159et mezikrystalickou korozi. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se tak\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed kovov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, nap\u0159\u00edklad Hastelloy, ale jejich cena je velmi vysok\u00e1. Proto byste p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru \u010derpadla kyseliny chlorovod\u00edkov\u00e9 m\u011bli zvolit \u010derpadlo z fluoroplastov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu pro pr\u016fto\u010dn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti, kter\u00e9 je ekonomick\u00e9 a bezpe\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\uff081\uff09 Pokud se v kyselin\u011b chlorovod\u00edkov\u00e9 vyskytuj\u00ed tvrd\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice (odpadn\u00ed kyselina chlorovod\u00edkov\u00e1 p\u0159i mo\u0159en\u00ed), je t\u0159eba ji filtrovat. P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru odst\u0159ediv\u00e9ho \u010derpadla zva\u017ete, zda by m\u011blo b\u00fdt pou\u017eito mechanick\u00e9 t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed (SIC proti SIC). Pokud nen\u00ed odpadn\u00ed kyselina chlorovod\u00edkov\u00e1 d\u016fkladn\u011b filtrov\u00e1na, m\u016f\u017ee zajistit, aby mechanick\u00e1 ucp\u00e1vka mohla norm\u00e1ln\u011b fungovat.<\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09Pro \u010distou kyselinu chlorovod\u00edkovou bez \u010d\u00e1stic lze zvolit odst\u0159ediv\u00e9 nebo magnetick\u00e9 \u010derpadlo.<\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina nekovov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f m\u00e1 dobrou odolnost proti korozi kyselinou chlorovod\u00edkovou, tak\u017ee pro p\u0159epravu kyseliny chlorovod\u00edkov\u00e9 jsou nejlep\u0161\u00ed volbou pry\u017eov\u00e1 \u010derpadla s oblo\u017een\u00edm a plastov\u00e1 \u010derpadla (nap\u0159. technick\u00e9 plasty, fluoroplasty atd.). Mezi pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky spole\u010dnosti pat\u0159\u00ed: IHF fluoroplastov\u00e1 odst\u0159ediv\u00e1 \u010derpadla, CQB fluoroplastov\u00e1 net\u011bsn\u00e1 magnetick\u00e1 \u010derpadla atd.<\/p>\n

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2. Anal\u00fdza m\u00e9dia kyseliny dusi\u010dn\u00e9<\/p>\n

Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina kov\u016f v kyselin\u011b dusi\u010dn\u00e9 rychle koroduje a ni\u010d\u00ed se. Nerezov\u00e1 ocel je nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00edm materi\u00e1lem odoln\u00fdm v\u016f\u010di kyselin\u011b dusi\u010dn\u00e9 a m\u00e1 dobrou korozn\u00ed odolnost v\u016f\u010di kyselin\u011b dusi\u010dn\u00e9 v\u0161ech koncentrac\u00ed p\u0159i pokojov\u00e9 teplot\u011b. Za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed, \u017ee korozn\u00ed odolnost nerezov\u00e9 oceli obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed molybden (nap\u0159. 316, 316L) v\u016f\u010di kyselin\u011b dusi\u010dn\u00e9 nejen\u017ee nen\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli (nap\u0159. 304, 321), ale n\u011bkdy je dokonce hor\u0161\u00ed. Pro vysokoteplotn\u00ed kyselinu dusi\u010dnou se obvykle pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 titan a materi\u00e1ly ze slitin titanu. Koncentrovan\u00e1 kyselina dusi\u010dn\u00e1 obsahuje asi 65% HNO3 o hustot\u011b 1,4 g\/cm3. M\u00e1 siln\u00fd \u0161tiplav\u00fd z\u00e1pach a \u017e\u00edravost. Je siln\u00fdm oxida\u010dn\u00edm \u010dinidlem a m\u016f\u017ee reagovat t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 se v\u0161emi kovy, ale ne s fluoroplasty. Proto je pou\u017eit\u00ed fluoroplast\u016f v \u010derpadlech pro dod\u00e1vku kyseliny dusi\u010dn\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 a trvanliv\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Doporu\u010dujeme n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010derpadla pro dod\u00e1vku kyseliny dusi\u010dn\u00e9:<\/p>\n

\uff081\uff09Jestli\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o koncentrovanou kyselinu dusi\u010dnou 98%, m\u016f\u017eete zvolit fluoroplastov\u00e9 odst\u0159ediv\u00e9 \u010derpadlo typu IHF. V\u0161echny pr\u016fto\u010dn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti t\u00e9to \u0159ady \u010derpadel jsou vyrobeny z fluoroplast\u016f (polyperfluoretylenpropylen) a mechanick\u00e1 ucp\u00e1vka vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlnovcovou mechanickou ucp\u00e1vku napln\u011bnou tetrafluorov\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem, kter\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b zabra\u0148uje \u00faniku koncentrovan\u00e9 kyseliny s\u00edrov\u00e9. Zvolen\u00fd v\u00fdkon motoru je t\u0159eba zv\u00fd\u0161it. M\u011brn\u00fd v\u00fdkon h\u0159\u00eddele p\u0159i doprav\u011b koncentrovan\u00e9 kyseliny dusi\u010dn\u00e9 lze vypo\u010d\u00edtat na z\u00e1klad\u011b jmenovit\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu h\u0159\u00eddele \u010derpadla.<\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09Jestli\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o z\u0159ed\u011bnou kyselinu dusi\u010dnou s n\u00edzkou koncentrac\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eete zvolit bez\u00fanikov\u00e1 fluoroplastov\u00e1 \u010derpadla s magnetick\u00fdm pohonem CQB (odst\u0159ediv\u00e9 \u010derpadlo s magnetick\u00fdm pohonem). Tato \u0159ada \u010derpadel vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 magnetick\u00fd pohon a nevykazuje net\u011bsnosti. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se speci\u00e1ln\u011b k doprav\u011b vysoce korozivn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed, jako je kyselina dusi\u010dn\u00e1, kyselina s\u00edrov\u00e1 a kyselina chlorovod\u00edkov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

3. Kyselina s\u00edrov\u00e1 je jako jedno ze siln\u00fdch korozivn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou pr\u016fmyslovou surovinou s \u0161irok\u00fdm spektrem pou\u017eit\u00ed. Mezi typy \u010derpadel pro dopravu kyseliny s\u00edrov\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed fluoroplastov\u00e1 odst\u0159ediv\u00e1 \u010derpadla, fluoroplastov\u00e1 magnetick\u00e1 \u010derpadla, fluoroplastov\u00e1 samonas\u00e1vac\u00ed \u010derpadla atd. Kyselina s\u00edrov\u00e1 o r\u016fzn\u00fdch koncentrac\u00edch a teplot\u00e1ch m\u00e1 velk\u00fd rozd\u00edl v korozi materi\u00e1l\u016f. Pro koncentrovanou kyselinu s\u00edrovou o koncentraci vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 80% a teplot\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 80 \u00b0C maj\u00ed uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 ocel a litina dobrou odolnost proti korozi, ale nejsou vhodn\u00e9 pro vysokorychlostn\u011b proud\u00edc\u00ed kyselinu s\u00edrovou a nejsou vhodn\u00e9 pro pou\u017eit\u00ed jako materi\u00e1ly \u010derpadel a armatur; b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel, jako je 304 (0CR18NI9) a 316 (0CR18NI12MO2TI), m\u00e1 rovn\u011b\u017e omezen\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pou\u017eit\u00ed pro m\u00e9dia kyseliny s\u00edrov\u00e9. Proto se \u010derpadla a ventily pro dopravu kyseliny s\u00edrov\u00e9 obvykle vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed z vysoce k\u0159em\u00edkov\u00e9 litiny (obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b se odl\u00e9v\u00e1 a zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1) a vysoce legovan\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli (slitina \u010d. 20), kter\u00e9 se v\u0161ak obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed a jsou drah\u00e9, tak\u017ee je lid\u00e9 nepreferuj\u00ed. Fluoroplastov\u00e9 slitiny maj\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnost v\u016f\u010di kyselin\u011b s\u00edrov\u00e9. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nebylo zji\u0161t\u011bno \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 m\u00e9dium, kter\u00e9 by s nimi reagovalo v pou\u017eiteln\u00e9m teplotn\u00edm rozsahu, tak\u017ee pou\u017eit\u00ed \u010derpadel s fluorovou vlo\u017ekou (F46) je ekonomi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed volbou. Mezi pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky pat\u0159\u00ed: Fluoroplastov\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 \u010derpadlo CQB, fluoroplastov\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 \u010derpadlo IMD, fluoroplastov\u00e9 odst\u0159ediv\u00e9 \u010derpadlo IHF, odst\u0159ediv\u00e9 \u010derpadlo FSB z fluorov\u00e9 slitiny atd.<\/p>\n

4. Kyselina octov\u00e1 pat\u0159\u00ed mezi organick\u00fdmi kyselinami k nejv\u00edce \u017e\u00edrav\u00fdm l\u00e1tk\u00e1m. Oby\u010dejn\u00e1 ocel siln\u011b koroduje v kyselin\u011b octov\u00e9 v\u0161ech koncentrac\u00ed a teplot. Nerezov\u00e1 ocel je vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm materi\u00e1lem odoln\u00fdm v\u016f\u010di kyselin\u011b octov\u00e9. Nerezovou ocel 316 obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed molybden lze pou\u017e\u00edt i pro vysok\u00e9 teploty a z\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9 p\u00e1ry kyseliny octov\u00e9. Pro vysok\u00e9 teploty a vysok\u00e9 koncentrace kyseliny octov\u00e9 nebo jin\u00fdch korozivn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky lze zvolit \u010derpadla z vysoce legovan\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli nebo fluoroplastu.<\/p>\n

Vlastnosti kyseliny dusi\u010dn\u00e9 a kyseliny octov\u00e9 jsou do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry podobn\u00e9, ale p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru fluoroplastov\u00fdch \u010derpadel je nelze zobecnit. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru fluoroplastov\u00fdch odst\u0159ediv\u00fdch \u010derpadel, fluoroplastov\u00fdch magnetick\u00fdch \u010derpadel nebo fluoroplastov\u00fdch samonas\u00e1vac\u00edch \u010derpadel je st\u00e1le nutn\u00e9 zvolit nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed model podle skute\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed podniku. N\u011bkter\u00e1 prost\u0159ed\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad vy\u017eaduj\u00ed vysok\u00fd v\u00fdtlak. Nejdel\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdtlak, se kter\u00fdm se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me, je 300 metr\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e1 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed, aby typ \u010derpadla zaji\u0161\u0165oval izola\u010dn\u00ed funkci atd. Proto je t\u0159eba p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru fluoroplastov\u00fdch \u010derpadel vych\u00e1zet ze skute\u010dn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek a b\u00fdt opatrn\u00fd a obez\u0159etn\u00fd.<\/p>\n

5. Alkalick\u00e1 ocel (hydroxid sodn\u00fd) Ocel se \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v roztoc\u00edch hydroxidu sodn\u00e9ho o teplot\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 80 \u00b0C a koncentraci do 30%. Mnoho tov\u00e1ren st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 b\u011b\u017enou ocel p\u0159i teplot\u011b 100 \u00b0C a pod 75%. I kdy\u017e se zvy\u0161uje koroze, je to ekonomick\u00e9. Oby\u010dejn\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel nem\u00e1 oproti litin\u011b \u017e\u00e1dnou zjevnou v\u00fdhodu v odolnosti v\u016f\u010di korozi alkalick\u00fdch roztok\u016f. Dokud je povoleno p\u0159id\u00e1vat do m\u00e9dia mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u017eeleza, nerezov\u00e1 ocel se nedoporu\u010duje. Pro vysokoteplotn\u00ed alkalick\u00fd roztok se v\u011bt\u0161inou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 titan a slitiny titanu nebo vysoce legovan\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel.<\/p>\n

6. Slan\u00e1 voda (mo\u0159sk\u00e1 voda) Oby\u010dejn\u00e1 ocel m\u00e1 n\u00edzkou korozn\u00ed rychlost v roztoku chloridu sodn\u00e9ho, mo\u0159sk\u00e9 a slan\u00e9 vod\u011b a obvykle vy\u017eaduje ochranu n\u00e1t\u011brem; r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy nerezov\u00e9 oceli maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 velmi n\u00edzkou rovnom\u011brnou korozn\u00ed rychlost, ale m\u016f\u017ee doch\u00e1zet k m\u00edstn\u00ed korozi zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 chloridov\u00fdmi ionty, obvykle se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel 316.<\/p>\n

7. Materi\u00e1ly \u010derpadel pro dod\u00e1vku kyseliny fluorovod\u00edkov\u00e9 se obvykle vol\u00ed takto: Ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk (Mg): Je to ide\u00e1ln\u00ed materi\u00e1l odoln\u00fd proti korozi pro kyselinu fluorovod\u00edkovou a obvykle se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pouze jako n\u00e1doba; Titan: Je vhodn\u00fd pro koncentrace 60~100% (pokojov\u00e1 teplota) a rychlost koroze se zvy\u0161uje, pokud je koncentrace ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 60%; Slitina Monel: Je to vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed materi\u00e1l odoln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di kyselin\u011b fluorovod\u00edkov\u00e9 a snese v\u0161echny teploty a v\u0161echny koncentrace (v\u010detn\u011b bodu varu); st\u0159\u00edbro (Ag): Vrouc\u00ed kyselina fluorovod\u00edkov\u00e1, v\u011bt\u0161inou se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch.<\/p>\n

8. Alkoholy, ketony, estery a \u00e9tery Mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 alkoholy pat\u0159\u00ed metanol, etanol, etylenglykol, propanol atd., mezi ketony aceton, butanon atd., mezi estery r\u016fzn\u00e9 metylestery, etylestery atd. a mezi \u00e9tery metylether, etylether, butylether atd. Jsou v podstat\u011b nekorozivn\u00ed a lze je pou\u017e\u00edvat s b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly. P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru je t\u0159eba prov\u00e9st rozumn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br na z\u00e1klad\u011b vlastnost\u00ed m\u00e9di\u00ed a souvisej\u00edc\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f. Za zm\u00ednku tak\u00e9 stoj\u00ed, \u017ee ketony, estery a ethery jsou rozpustn\u00e9 v mnoha typech kau\u010duk\u016f, tak\u017ee se p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru t\u011bsnic\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f vyvarujte chyb. Existuje mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zde nelze p\u0159edstavit jedno po druh\u00e9m.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Common corrosive liquids in the chemical industry include sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, etc. Pumps of different materials are required to transport different liquid media. If the corresponding chemical pump is not selected correctly, it will easily cause corrosion. Once corroded, the chemical pump cannot be used. Teflon pumps and […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1360,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[36],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1359"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1359"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1359\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1360"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1359"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1359"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tflequip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1359"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}